Module 4 MiniModule 1: Pruritic Parasites Flashcards
Canine Scabies:
- 2 pairs short legs anterior – long, unjointed stalks with suckers
- 2 pairs rudimentary legs posterior - do not extend beyond the border of the body
Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis
Canine Scabies:
Sarcoptic mange is fairly host specific to what species?
Canines, but it can also affect other species including humans (ZOONOTIC*)
- Rare in cats
Canine Scabies:
How contagious is sarcotic mange?
Highly contagious*
- transmission: direct contact with an infected animal
- fomite, fur transmission to humans, crusts or scabs
Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Absence of pruritis in other in-contact animals rules out scabies
False, it DOES NOT rule out scabies
Canine Scabies:
List the “clues” that may indicate you are dealing with a case of Scabies*
- Intense
- Nonseasonal pruritus
- Rapid onset & progression
- Minimally responsive to glucocorticoids
Canine Scabies:
List the Predilection sites for a case of Scabies*
- Pinnal margins, lateral elbows & hocks, ventrum
- Mites like to dwell where hair is sparse (lazy mites)
- Dorsum usually spared
Canine Scabies:
What is the MOST common lesion you would see on a dog with Scabies?
Papules*
Canine Scabies:
In Scabies, what is the severity of pruritus due to?
Hypersensitivity
Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Protective immunity may develop after successful tx and cure
True
Canine Scabies: Diagnosis
What are we doing? What is a definitive dx?
- Superficial skin scrape (anything with legs needs oil)
- For a definitive dx we need to find the mite or eggs (may be difficult)
Canine Scabies: Diagnosis
What else can you do to confirm your diagnosis other than a scrape?
Pinnal-pedal Reflex
Canine Scabies: Treatment
(T/F) You have to treat ALL in-contact animals
True
Canine Scabies: Treatment
When do you reassess dx/tx for other causes of pruritus?
within 8-12 wks if no response
Canine Scabies: Treatment
What do you want to evaluate BEFORE starting treatment?
Heartworm statues of all dogs
(some treatments are also heartworm-preventative treatments)
Canine Scabies: Treatment
(T/F) It is okay to use dog products on cats
False, DO NOT use dog products in cats
Canine Scabies: Treatment
List some of the Treatments for Scabies
- Moxidectin 2.5% & Imidacloprid 10% (don’t use on cats)
- Sarolaner (greater than 6 months of age)
- Selamectin
- Fluralaner (Bravecto, > 6 months, duration 3 months)
- Afoxolaner (NexGard)
- Lotilaner (Credelio)
- Ivermectin 1% (Extra-label treatment, white feet don’t treat, no spinosad)
Canine Scabies: Treatment
List Topical dips to treat scabies
- Lime sulfur (safe for very young)
Canine Scabies:
(T/F) Usually, environmental treatment is not necessary
True, unless large number of animals affected for example in a kennel
Notoedric Mange:
- Smaller than S. Scabei
- dorsally located anus vs terminal in S. scabei
Notoedres cati (Feline Scabies)
Notoedric Mange: Life cycle
- Life cycle: ____________
- Survives of the host? (yes/no)
- Fairly host-specific?
- Endemic in a few areas? (yes/no)
- 17-21 days
- Yes, survives off host for a few days
- Fairly host specific – Feline (ZOONOTIC)
- Yes, endemic in a few areas
Notoedric Mange: Pruritus
List the “clues” that may indicate you are dealing with a case of Feline Scabies
- Intense, nonseasonal pruritus
- Location
- initially ear pinnae, head, scruff of the neck
- Lesions spread rapidly to other locations -> back, perineum, feet
- consistent with grooming behavior
Notoedric mange: Lesion
What is a unique clinical feature of the Feline Scabies mite?
Cat develops thick crusts (notoedric “helmet”)
Notoedric mange:
(T/F) No FDA approved veterinary product specifically licensed for the treatment of feline scabies
True
Notoedric mange: Treatment
What is the treatment for Feline Scabies?
Topicals (shampoo and dips)
- Not cat friendly
Dips -> Lime sulfur, safest dip for young
Notoedric mange:
List the Systemic Treatments
Everything is Extra-label use in cats
- Selamectin (> 8 wks of age)
- 10% imidacloprid + 1.0% moxidectin
- Bravecto cats >6 months, good for 3 months
- Credelio Cat >8 weeks
- Revolution PLUS >8 weeks
What are a few characteristics you can find on Cheyletiellosis mites?
- accessory mouth parts
- saddle-shaped (a little waist)
Walking Dandruff
- Surface dwelling mite, non-burrowing
- Large (500 um x 350 um), saddle-shaped
- prominent hook-like accessory mouth parts (palpi)
- all 4 pairs of legs extend beyond body, bear terminal combs, not claws
Cheyletiellosis (Cheyletiella yasguri, C. blakei, C. parasitovorax)
Is Cheyletiellosis host-specific?
Not host specific, may travel freely to various host species, including humans (ZOONOTIC)
How contagious is Cheyletiellosis?
Highly contagious
- especially between young animals
- transmission by direct contact
- indirect via fomites may be as important (egg attach to hair)
What is the life cycle of Cheyletiellosis?
21-42 days
- spent on host
What is the Pruritus level in patients with Cheyletiellosis?
Variable pruritus: absent to intense
Cheyletiellosis: Treatment
(T/F) Treating all in-contact animals is good enough
False, treat all in-contact animals and PREMISES (a female can live off the host for 10 days)
What is a unique clinical sign seen in dogs with sarcoptic mange?
Pinnal pedal reflex
(T/F) Ivermectin when combined with spinosad is the best approach for sarcoptic mange treatment
False, this combination can kill the patient
What is a canine topical product with 10% moxidectin, that should not be used in cats as their companion product only has 1% moxidectin?
Advantage multi
A patient with a pruritic ventral papular dermatitis and heavy thick adherent crusts on the right pinnal margin, would earn the top differential of __________________
Sarcoptic Mange
The presence of moderate to severe scaling on the dorsum of cats and dogs that may or may not be pruritic is a clinical sign associated with ___________________
Cheyletiellosis
