Module 4: Light in Biology

Question 1

Index of refraction formula (classical)

Question 2

Index of refraction formula (relating incidence and refraction angle)

Question 2

Relationship of sin(inc) and sin(ref)

Answer 2

directly proportional such that n is constant for a given material

Question 2

Relationship between index of refraction of material and speed of light in that material.

Question 3

Formula for Snell’s Law

Question 3

Parameters for total internal reflection to occur

Question 4

Critical angle formula

Question 4

In fiber optics, which one is has higher index of refraction, the core or the cladding?

Question 5

Which photoreceptor of the eyes allow perception of color and has three types corresponding to the primary colors?

Question 6

Which photoreceptor of the eyes allow perception at low light conditions and provide peripheral vision?

Question 7

In the retina, these are specialized areas with with concentration of cones.

Answer 7

Macula

Question 8

Which part of the retina has the highest concentration of cones, and is the area of sharpest vision?

Answer 8

Fovea centralis

Question 9

Lens system of the eye from the outside inward

Question 10

UV radiation responsible for tanning and burns

Answer 10

UVB because it has shorter wavelength and is not absorbed deeply in the skin as UBA

Question 11

UV radiation responsible for photoaging and carcinogenesis

Answer 11

UVA because it has the longest wavelength and is able to penetrate deep into the skin

Question 12

Mechanisms for protection

Question 13

UV radiation used as germicide

Answer 13

UVC because shortest wavelength and higher energy. causes DNA lesions like pyrimidine dimer

Question 14

this type of sunscreen works by absorbing high energy radiation and releasing it back as heat or long wavelength radiation

Question 15

This type of sunscreen works by reflecting, scattering, or absorption of photons of light

Question 16

SPR formula

Question 17

uv dose filtered 93% of spf 15, 30, 50