Module 4 Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
Hypothesis Testing
What is a research hypothesis?
a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research (or a question)
What do research hypotheses look at and how?
The differences in groups by comparing the means of each group.
What are the 5 steps of Hypothesis Testing?
- State the null hypothesis
- Select the level of significance
- Choose the appropriate statistical test
- Obtain a p-value
- Make a decision about the null hypothesis
What does null mean?
There is no difference or everything is equal
What is a null hypothesis?
A statement of no difference between
groups or no relationship among variables
When do you make a null hypothesis?
Before your research; start by saying the groups are equal/the same
What is being determined when finding the level of significance?
if the difference in the means is large enough to say it is a “significant” difference
When is the level of significance usually set?
Before the study begins
What are the most common levels of significance and which one will we use?
0.05 and 0.01
We use 0.05
How do you choose which statistical test to use?
- The research hypotheses
- The number of independent and dependent variables
What is a p-value?
The probability that the difference or
the relationship you found is due to chance (or the probability that the null hypothesis should be accepted)
What is the decision if the p-value is small?
The difference or the relationship
is real (significant)
What is the decision if the p-value is large?
The difference or the relationship
is due to chance (not significant)
If your p-value is less than or equal to your alpha you…
reject the null hypothesis – the difference or relationship is significant
If your p-value is greater than your alpha you…
accept the null hypothesis – the difference or relationship is due to chance and not significant
