Module 4: Fake News

Question 1

Q1: Which of the following best defines disinformation?
A) Information that is misleading by accident
B) False information shared intentionally to deceive
C) News that is reliable and fact-based
D) Statements that are somewhat true but exaggerated

Answer 1

Answer: B

Question 2

Q2: Which of these motives for fake news is primarily driven by financial gain?
A) Propaganda
B) Ideological
C) Advertising revenue
D) News parody

Answer 2

Answer: C

Question 3

Q3: What makes individuals vulnerable to fake news?
A) Trust in familiar senders
B) Confirmation bias
C) Information overload
D) All of the above

Answer 3

Answer: D

Question 4

Q4: What is confirmation bias?
A) Believing information that contradicts personal beliefs
B) Ignoring fake news entirely
C) Seeking information that aligns with existing beliefs
D) Following all news sources

Answer 4

Answer: C

Question 5

Q5: Which characteristic of a fake news message may increase its believability?
A) Asking for a call to action
B) Tone of urgency and emotional appeal
C) References to unnamed experts
D) All of the above

Answer 5

Answer: D

Question 6

Q6: Which of these is a short-term consequence of fake news?
A) Larger social divisions
B) Erosion of trust in institutions
C) Political decisions
D) Devaluation of information

Answer 6

Answer: C

Question 7

Q7: What does POFMA in Singapore aim to do?
A) Promote the creation of more online accounts
B) Prevent and counteract the spread of false statements of fact
C) Censor all political content
D) Ensure complete online anonymity

Answer 7

Answer: B

Question 8

Q8: Which is a recommended internal act of authentication to identify fake news?
A) Checking if the message has more likes
B) Consulting multiple friends
C) Verifying the message’s tone for emotional manipulation
D) Waiting for institutional confirmation

Answer 8

Answer: C

Question 9

Q9: Which strategy involves consulting a reliable group for verifying a piece of information?
A) Internal act of authentication
B) Intentional and interpersonal authentication
C) Self-authentication
D) Governmental authentication

Answer 9

Answer: B

Question 10

Q10: Which of the following motivates individuals to authenticate information?
A) Avoiding fake news to maintain self-image
B) Ignoring social media news
C) Making assumptions based on past experiences
D) Avoiding challenging beliefs

Answer 10

Answer: A

Question 11

Q11: Fact-checking done after a news story is published is known as:
A) Verification
B) Internal authentication
C) Post-publication fact-checking
D) Institutionalization of interdependence

Answer 11

Answer: C

Question 12

Q12: Which type of source is often trusted the most by readers?
A) Immediate source
B) Invisible source
C) Trusted source
D) Disregarded source

Answer 12

Answer: C

Question 13

Q13: Which of the following is a tool fact-checkers might use?
A) Check the weather
B) Ask for more shares
C) Contact the original author
D) Alter the content

Answer 13

Answer: A

Question 14

Q14: Which format involves first stating the correction, then debunking the falsehood, and reiterating the truth?
A) Video debunking
B) Truth sandwich
C) Mixed accuracy statement
D) Rating scales

Answer 14

Answer: B

Question 15

Q15: Why might people refrain from correcting others who share fake news?
A) To avoid offending family and friends
B) To save time
C) To increase likes and shares
D) To avoid spreading information

Answer 15

Answer: A

Question 16

What can we do?

Answer 16

1. Reflect on our own information behaviour.
2. Engage, rather than ignore.
3. Strive to understand others.
4. Use and support reliable and legitimate information sources.
5. Maximise available resources.
6. Equip ourselves.

Question 17

Q3: What motivation might drive a person to authenticate information to avoid appearing to have questionable beliefs?
A) Self-image
B) Group cohesion
C) Source affiliation
D) Institutional independence

Answer 17

Answer: A

Question 18

Q4: Which term describes the strategy of relying on group beliefs or “deep stories” to authenticate information?
A) Institutional authentication
B) Source affiliation
C) Social process
D) Group cohesion

Answer 18

Answer: D

Question 19

Q5: Which consequence of authentication is defined as the development of shared practices for verifying information within groups?
A) Group cohesion
B) Institutionalisation of interdependence
C) Truth sandwich
D) Personal efficacy

Answer 19

Answer: B

Question 20

Q7: What is one way tech companies can respond to fake news?
A) Restrict media literacy among users
B) Remove financial incentives for unreliable content producers
C) Allow any content to go unchecked
D) Limit support for third-party fact-checkers

Answer 20

Answer: B

Question 21

Q8: Which of the following best describes the truth sandwich method used in fact-checking?
A) Starting with the false information, then refuting it
B) Presenting the correction, refuting the falsehood, and restating the correction
C) Providing mixed accuracy statements in a conversational tone
D) Verifying the information before it is published

Answer 21

Answer: B

Question 22

Q9: What type of fact-checking is conducted before a news story is published?
A) Verification
B) Mixed accuracy fact-checking
C) Post-publication review
D) Individual analysis

Answer 22

Answer: A

Question 23

Q13: Which of these is an example of an intentional and institutional act of authentication?
A) Waiting to see follow-up news to verify a claim
B) Asking a friend or family member to confirm information
C) Consulting a trusted website or search engine to verify information
D) Assuming information is accurate based on personal beliefs

Answer 23

Answer: C

Question 24

Q14: According to the strategies for authentication, sharing information within a group to verify its truth is an example of:
A) Individual authentication
B) Source affiliation
C) Truth sandwich method
D) Personal motivation

Answer 24

Answer: B

Question 25

Q15: Which of the following fact-checking messages presents the most straightforward way to indicate if information is true or false?
A) Video messages
B) Truth sandwich
C) Rating scales
D) Mixed accuracy statements

Answer 25

Answer: C