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General Biology - 1st Quarter > Module 4: Different Cell Types of Plant and Animal Tissues > Flashcards

Module 4: Different Cell Types of Plant and Animal Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

PLANT CELLS

A
  • regulates water cycle & carbon of the biosphere
  • unique organelles: cell wall, cholorplast, & vacuole
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2
Q

TWO STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF PLANT CELLS

A
  • shoot system
  • root system
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3
Q

SHOOT SYSTEM
(plant cell)

A
  • structures ABOVE the ground
  • leaves, flowers, stems, & fruits
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4
Q

ROOT SYSTEM
(plant cell)

A
  • structures BELOW the ground
  • origin of plants
  • roots, tubers, & rhizobial structure
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5
Q

PLANT TISSUES

A
  • dermal
  • ground
  • vascular
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6
Q

DERMAL TISSUE

A
  • plant cell
  • form the outer protecting covering of plants
  • epidermis
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7
Q

EPIDERMIS

A
  • plant cell
  • dermal tissue
  • outermost layer found in all young plants
  • contains closely packed cells with cuticle
  • responsible in minimizing water loss and protecting cell from bacterias etc.
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8
Q

ROOTS
(epidermis)

A
  • epidermal cells
  • long and slender projections
  • root hairs - increase the surface area for absorption
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9
Q

STEM
(epidermis)

A
  • produce hair called TRICHOMAS
  • protects plant from too much sunlight & conserve moisture
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10
Q

LEAVES
(epidermis)

A
  • lower epidermis contains specialized cells called guard cells
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11
Q

GUARD CELLS

A
  • leaves
  • epidermis
  • contain chloroplasts & pores called STOMATA
  • gas exchanges occurs in stomata
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12
Q

STOMATA

A
  • epidermis
  • leaves
  • GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS
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13
Q

GROUND TISSUE

A
  • plant cell
  • fills up the inner part of the plant
  • parenchyma, collenchyma, & scelerenchyma
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14
Q

PARENCHYMA

A
  • plant cell
  • ground tissue
  • most abundant
  • big & thin-walled cells with large vacuole & air spaces
  • contribute mainly to penetration of light and regulation of gas exchange
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15
Q

COLLENCHYMA

A
  • plant cell
  • ground tissue
  • supports IMMATURE regions
  • thick-walled cells with uneven thickness
  • smaller than parenchyma
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16
Q

SCLERENCHYMA

A
  • plant cell
  • ground tissue
  • supports MATURE regions
  • thick cell walls impregnated with lignins with high resistance substance that makes the cell tough & hard
  • mostly DEAD WHEN IT REACHES MATURITY AGE
  • two types:
    fibers - long & slender
    sclerids - shorter, vary in shape
    - found in seeds of fruits and nutshell - aka STONE CELL
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17
Q

VASCULAR TISSUE

A
  • plant cell
  • transports water & nutrients in the plant
  • xylem
  • phloem
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18
Q

XYLEM

A
  • transports water and minerals
  • two types of conducting cells:
    tracheid - elongated cells - oblique & tapering end walls
    vessel element - long tubes - open at each end & joined end to end to form tubes
  • both conducting cells are hollow & NON-LIVING
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19
Q

PHLOEM

A
  • transports sucrose & other organic compounds
  • composed of seive tube elements - have a cytoplasm but does not have nucleus
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20
Q

TYPES OF TISSUES
(animal cells)

A
  • epithelial tissues
  • connective tissue
  • nervous tissue
  • muscular tissues
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21
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

A
  • tightly packed cells that form continuous layers
  • covers body surface
  • lines cavities from glands
  • functions: secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration
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22
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES

A
  • simple epithelial tissue
  • stratified epithelial tissue
  • glandular epithelial tissue
23
Q

SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A
  • made up of SINGLE LAYER of cells
  • classification - based on shape of cells
  • types: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
24
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA

A
  • thin & flattened cells
  • linings of blood vessels & air sacs of lungs
25
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA
- box-shaped cells - linings of kidney tubules & organs where reabsorption of mineral & substance takes place
26
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIA
- resemble rectangular pillars - nuclei is located near the bottom of each cell - lining of digestive tract - efficiently absorb nutrients - lining of oviducts - propelling egg towards the uterus
27
STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- TWO OR MORE layers of cells - nose, mouth, esophagus, anal canal, & vagina - keratinized - strength
28
GLANDULAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- secrete molecules - unicellular or multicellular - unicellelar glandular epithelium - single epithelial cell - multicellular glandular epithelium - cluster of epithelial cells
29
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- most abundant & distributed tissue - supports, connects, & separates different tissues & organs - ground substance & fibers make up the extracellular matrix (ECM)
30
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- loose - dense SPECIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE - reticular connective tissue - cartilage - bone - blood - adipose tissue
31
LOOSE CONENCTIVE TISSUE
- most widely distributed tissue - equal number of cells, fibers, & ground substance - linings of organs - lungs, arteries, & urinary bladder - allows organs to expand
32
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- contains collagens that are packed together - has fewer cells & ECM is densely packed with collagen fibers - tendons & ligaments
33
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- special connective tissue - produced by modified fiborblasts - reticular cells - supports different organs - ex: lymphoid - bone marrow, lymph nodes, & spleen
34
CARTILAGE
- special connective tissue - non-vascular tissue - connects bones to joints - found in the walls of upper respiratory airways & external ear - principal cell - CHONDROCYTES - cells lie in the small chambers called LACUNAE - 3 types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, & fibrocartilage
35
BONE
- special connective tissue - cells within the extracellular matrix of fibers (collagen I) & ground substances - consists of different kinds of cells: osteoblast, osteocytes, & osteoclasts
36
OSTEOBLAST
bone forming
37
OSTECYTES
bone absorbing - breakdown (bone) & deposit calcium in blood
38
OSTEOCLASTS
- matured cells located in lacunae of the bones
39
BLOOD
- fluid connective tissue located in blood vessels - consists of formed elements & plasma - 3 blood cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
40
EURYTHROCYTES
- red blood cells
41
LEUKROCYTES
- white blood cells
42
THROMBOCYTES
- platelets
43
ADIPOSE TISSUE
- primary energy reservoir - cells filled with lipids - ADIPOCYTES - number of adipocytes in each individual is fixed - white fat - rich in mitochondria - brown fat - causes thermogenesis (heat production)
44
NERVOUS TISSUE
- 2 principal cells: neurons & neuroglia
45
NEURONS
- aka nerve cells - specialized in containing 3 parts: dendrites, cell body, axon
46
DENDRITES
- neurons - sends signal toward the cell body
47
CELL BODY
- neurons - contains cytoplasm & nucleus of neutron
48
AXON
- nerve impulses from cell body to synapse
49
NEUROGLIA
- supporting cells - provides support & nourishment to neurons
50
MUSCULAR TISSUE
- contain cells called muscle fibers which compromised of ACTIN & MYOSIN filaments - movement of animals - types: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
51
SKELETAL MUSCLE
- striated cells with multiple nuclei - muscles attached to skeleton - voluntary movement of the body
52
SMOOTH MUSCLE
- spindle-shaped cells with single nucleus - no striations - involuntary - walls of digestive tract & blood vessels
53
CARDIAC MUSCLE
- heart - branching striated cells with single nucleus - wall of the heart - involuntary - contraction pumps blood & responsible for heartbeat

General Biology - 1st Quarter (4 decks)

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