Module 4- Core organic chemistry and analysis

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

Contains a C=C double bond

Question 4

General formula

Answer 4

Algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n

Question 5

Structural formula

Answer 5

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, eg for butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3,

Question 6

Displayed formula

Answer 6

All the covalent bonds present in a molecule

Question 7

Skeletal formula

Answer 7

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional Groups

Question 8

Aliphatic

Answer 8

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 9

Alicyclic

Answer 9

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 10

Aromatic

Answer 10

A compound containing a benzene ring

Question 11

Homologous series

Answer 11

Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula

Question 12

Functional group

Answer 12

An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 13

Structural isomers

Answer 13

Molecules with same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)

Question 14

Chain isomers

Answer 14

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton

Question 15

Position isomers

Answer 15

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton

Question 16

Functional group isomers

Answer 16

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

Question 17

Free Radical

Answer 17

A reactive species which possess an unpaired electron

Question 18

Homolytic fission

Answer 18

Each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond

Question 19

Heterolytic fission

Answer 19

One atom gets both electrons

Question 20

Cracking

Answer 20

Conversion of large hydrocarbons to smaller molecules of by breakage of C-C bonds

Question 21

Addition reaction

Answer 21

A reaction where two molecules react together to produce one

Question 22

Electrophile

Answer 22

An electron pair acceptor

Question 23

Primary Haloalkane

Answer 23

One carbon attached to the carbon atom adjoining the halogen

Question 24

Secondary Haloalkane

Answer 24

Two carbons attached to the carbon atom adjoining the halogen

Question 25

Tertiary Haloalkane

Answer 25

Three carbons attached to the carbon atom adjoining the halogen

Question 26

Hydrolysis

Answer 26

The splitting of a molecule ( in this case a haloalkane) by a reaction with water

Question 27

Delocalised electrons

Answer 27

are shared between more than two atoms.

Question 28

Addition reaction

Answer 28

is one in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make it saturated.

Question 29

Substitution reaction

Answer 29

is on in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with different atom or group of atoms.

Question 30

Electrophile

Answer 30

is an atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to electron rich centres, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 31

Curly arrow

Answer 31

is a symbol used to show the movement of an electron pair.

Question 32

Electronegativity

Answer 32

– is a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in its covalent bonds.

Question 33

Stem

Answer 33

is the longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule

Question 34

Redox reaction

Answer 34

is one where both reduction and oxidation takes place.

Question 35

Reflux

Answer 35

is the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.

Question 36

Nucleophile

Answer 36

is a species which is attracted to electron deficient centres, where it donates an electron pair to form a new covalent bond.

Question 37

Esterification

Answer 37

is the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form a ester and water.

Question 38

Hydrolysis

Answer 38

is a reaction with water or hydroxide that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.