Module 2- Foundations in chemistry Flashcards
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of same element with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus
Relative isotopic mass
The mass of one isotope compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of one atom compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
Relative molecular mass
The average mass of a molecule compared to one twelfth of the mass of one atom of carbon-12
Mole
The amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12
Molar mass
The mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance and is given the unit of g mol-1
Molar gas volume
The volume of 1 mole of a gas at a given temperature and pressure
Empirical formula
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in the compound
Molecular formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in the compound
Solution
A mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
Average bond enthalpy
A measurement for covalent bond strength
Dative covalent bond
Forms when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms.
Covalent bond
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Ionic bond
The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the relative tendency of an atom in a covalent bond in a molecule to attract electrons in a covalent bond to itself.
First ionization energy
The energy required when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge
Second ionization energy
The energy required when one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge forms one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge
Metallic bonding
The electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons
