Module 4// Core Organic Chemistry

Question 1

homologous series

Answer 1

A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group w successive members differing by CH2

Question 2

Functional group

Answer 2

A group of atoms that’s responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 4

Name the 3 types of hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Aliphatic

Alicyclic

Aromatic

Question 5

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons where the C atoms r joined together in STRAIGHT (unbranched) or BRANCHED chains

Question 6

Alicyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons in which the C atoms r joined together in a RING structure but r NOT AROMATIC

Question 7

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Hydrocarbons where there’s at least one benzene ring in the structure

Question 8

What is the general formula of Alkyl GROUPS

Answer 8

C(n) H(2n+1)

Question 9

What is the formula of the propyl group

Answer 9

C3H7

Question 10

How are alkyl groups formed

Answer 10

When u remove 1 hydrogen atom from an alkane, an alkyl group is formed

Question 11

What is meant by a SATURATED compound?

Answer 11

Saturated compounds have only single bonds

Question 12

Displayed formula

Answer 12

Displayed formula shows the relative positions of atoms + the bonds between them

Question 13

General formula

Answer 13

The simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 14

Structural formula

Answer 14

Provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 15

Empirical formula

Answer 15

Shows the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms of elements in a compound

Question 16

Structural isomers

Answer 16

Are compounds w the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 17

Stereoisomers

Answer 17

Stereoisomers r organic compounds w the same molecular + structural formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 18

E/Z isomerism

Answer 18

A type of stereoisomerism caused by restricted rotation around the double bond
NB!!2 different groups r attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond!!!

Question 19

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 19

A type of E/Z isomerism where the 2 groups attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond r the same

Question 20

define the term reaction mechanism

Answer 20

a series of steps that shows how a reaction takes place

Question 21

addition polymerisation

Answer 21

Formation of a very long molecular chain, by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)

Question 22

Addition reaction

Answer 22

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a one saturated molecule

Question 23

As the chain length of alkanes increases, so do their boiling points, why is this?

Answer 23

Because as the alkane chain length increases there are greater (London forces) induced dipole dipole interactions

Question 24

Branching is often used to make a better fuel, why is this?

Answer 24

Because the more branching = lower boiling point/ burns better

The more branched a compound is the fewer SA interactions there are/ less points along a chain

Question 25

What type of reaction is a straight chain—> branched chain

Answer 25

Reforming when a straight chain is branched to give it a lower boiling point (making it burn better)