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BSNC 5000 > Module 4 - Cognition > Flashcards

Module 4 - Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

6 domains of cognition

A

perceptual motor function (psychomotor)
language
learning and memory
social cognition
complex attention
executive function

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2
Q

Physiologic factors impairing cognition

A

hypoglycemia
impaired perfusion
impaired gas exchange
acid-base imbalance

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3
Q

3 main NDD

A

FASD
ASD
ADHD

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4
Q

Types of FASD

A

fetal alcohol syndrome –> facial dysmorphia + developmental delay
alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder –> developmental delay

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5
Q

Types of ADHD

A

Inattentive
Hyperactive/impulsive
combined

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6
Q

Types of ASD

A

Asperger’s
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
Autistic disorder
Childhood disintegrative disorder

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7
Q

Embryonic periods

A

week 1-2 = implantation
week 2-7 = organogenesis

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8
Q

High-risk period for embryonic brain development

A

week 3-4
**most women unaware they are pregnant at this time

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9
Q

What happens on day 29 of embryonic development?

A

primitive lobes of brain & spinal cord in place

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10
Q

Facial features of FASD

A
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11
Q

Patho of FASD

A

decreased grey/white matter –> lower cerebral volume
impaired communication b/w brain lobes

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12
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

decision making
executive function
planning

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13
Q

Corpus callosum function

A

connects left/right hemispheres
allows for coordination of both sides of body –> gross/fine motor control
inhibition of nerve impulses

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14
Q

Hippocampus function

A

learning
memory
transfer info from short-term –> long-term memory

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15
Q

PCerebellum function

A

motor control –> balance, gait
motor coordination
planning/execution of movement

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16
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

motor control
motor learning
routine habits, behaviors, emotions
initiation/control of movement
reward center –> motivation

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17
Q

Patho of ADHD

A

changes to maturation of white matter bundles & grey matter density

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18
Q

ADHD behaviors

A

difficulty w/ change
easily distracted
difficulty planning, initiating, realizing actions or correcting errors

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19
Q

ASD Patho

A

atypical cortical growth/folding
grey matter outpaces white matter –> abnormal interconnections

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20
Q

Amygdala function

A

emotional/social cognition
fight/flight response –> fear response/aggession
recognizing facial expression

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21
Q

Proposed patho mechanisms of ASD

A

chronic neuroinflammation w/ microglia activation
mitochondrial dysregulation
dysregulation of cell signaling pathway
immune dysregulation
GABA imbalance
Glutamine dysregulation
Genetics

22
Q

Core sx of ASD

A

1) communication & social interactions
2) repetitive behaviors & limited interests in activity/play

23
Q

When is ASD usually diagnosed

A

~2 years old
12 months if symptoms severe

24
Q

ASD treatmnet

A

behavior management/education
specialized therapy –> speech, OT
medicine (adjunct)

25
Q

ASD communication & social interactions

A

lack of eye contact, awkward facial expressions/body posture
difficulty socializing
lack of empathy or emotional intelligence
lack of shared interests
delayed speech, mute, may appear deaf
difficulty conversing
trouble understanding other’s POV –> very literal interpretation

26
Q

ASD repetitive behaviors & limited interests

A

fixation on objects/topics (pieces of things)
need for sameness/routine –> difficulty with change
body rocking/hand flapping
echolalia
sensory under/overstimulation

27
Q

Other ASD S/S

A

food aversion, dietary restrictions
GI problems –> diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain
trouble sleeping
lack of coordination
pica (eating non-edible items)
elopement
savant
seizures

28
Q

ADHD symptoms

A

trouble paying attention (inattentive)
trouble sitting still even for a short time (hyperactive)
acting before thinking (impulsive)

29
Q

When is ADHD diagnosed

A

6-12 years old

30
Q

ADHD treatment

A

psychostimulatants
nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
adrenergic agonist anti-hypertensives
antidepressants
behavior therapy

31
Q

Which NDD can be treated with medicine

A

ADHD

32
Q

Which NDD can be diagnosed at birth

A

FASD

33
Q

Definition of binge drinking

A

3+ drinks at a time

34
Q

FASD RF

A

alcohol consumption during pregnancy
binge drinking or drinking throughout pregnancy
age of birth parents
concurrent substance abuse
genetics

35
Q

Piaget stages of development

A

1) sensorimotor 0-2
2) pre-operational 2-7
3) concrete operational 7-11
4) formal operational 12+

36
Q

Sensorimotor (0-2)

A

infants think through 5 senses
object permanence
begin to develop language

37
Q

Preoperational (2-7)

A

egocentric (cannot see others POV)
concrete thought –> directly observable
can use language/symbols
imaginative play
transductive logic

38
Q

Concrete operations (7-11)

A

logical, coherent thought
conservation
concrete, systematic problem-solving
inductive reasoning
can see others POV
inductive logic

39
Q

Formal operations (12+)

A

adaptible & flexible thought
abstract thought
scientific problem-solving
deductive logic

40
Q

What are NDD

A

group of disorders w/ disturbed CNS development –> developmental brain dysfunction

41
Q

Affects of NDD

A

intellect
language/speech

42
Q

FASD impairments

A

language processing
vision
hearing difficulties
heart, kidney, liver, organ damage
poor memory
poor impulse control
trouble with judgment
delayed growth
verbal learning
visual-spatial
attention
reaction time
executive function

43
Q

Facial features of FASD

A

small eyes
flat philtrum
thin upper lip
short nose
flat midface
smaller head

44
Q

FASD dx

A

facial malformation
maternal record of alcohol use
psychosocial testing
diagnostic imaging

45
Q

FASD treatment

A

multifaceted
education/behavior mgmt for parents
impulse control therapy
special education
no specific drug treatment –> adjunct therapy

46
Q

Severity levels of ASD

A

requiring support
requiring substantial support
requiring very substantial support

47
Q

Causes of ASD

A

chromosomal abnormalities
functional brain abnormalities
structural brain abnormalities

48
Q

Which neurotransmitter is LOW in ADHD?

A

dopamine/norepinephrine

49
Q

Domains of cognition

A

“every leming can see lost pies”
executive function
learning/memory
complex attention
social cognition
language
psychomotor

50
Q

Stimulant side effects

A

Appetite suppression (give at night or after meals)
Weight loss
Nervousness
Tics
Insomnia
Increased BP

BSNC 5000 (11 decks)

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