MODULE 4: CELL SIGNALING

Question 1

Cells use electrical communication within a cell by

Answer 1

Graded and action potentials

Question 2

Cells use electrical communication between cells by

Answer 2

Electrical Synaptic Transmission

Question 3

Cells use chemical communication within a cell by

Answer 3

Intracellular signaling molecules and pathways

Question 4

Cells use chemical communication between cells by

Answer 4

• Contact-Dependent
• Autocrine/Paracrine
• Chemical synaptic transmission
• Endocrine System

Question 5

Gap Junctions

Answer 5

Form direct cytoplasmic connections between adjacent cells

Question 6

Contact-dependent signals

Answer 6

Require interaction between membrane molecules on two cells

Question 7

Autocrine signals

Answer 7

act on the same sell that secreted them

Question 8

Paracrine signals

Answer 8

are secreted by one cell and diffuse to adjacent cells

Question 9

Electric Synaptic Transmission

Answer 9

Electrical signals move between ells through gap junctions

Question 10

Cell communication through endocrine system

Answer 10

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands or cells into the blood. Only target cells with receptors for the hormone respond to the signal.

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

are chemicals secreted by the neurons that diffuse across a small gap to the target cell

Question 12

Neurohormones

Answer 12

are chemicals released by neurons into the blood for action at distant targets

Question 13

Chemical Synaptic Transmission

Answer 13

the electrical signal from the action potential in the presynaptic neurons axon is converted into a chemical signal at the synapse

Question 14

The first cell in a chemical synaptic transmission is called a __________ and is always a _____________

Answer 14

presynaptic cell; neuron

Question 15

The second cell in a chemical synaptic cell is called the _________ and can be a (4 things)

Answer 15

postsynaptic cell; neuron, muscle cell, cardiac conducting system cell, endocrine cell

Question 16

The end of the presynaptic cell is called the _______ and does not contain __________

Answer 16

synaptic terminal bouton; voltage-gated Na+ or K+ channels

Question 17

Chemical signaling requires a receptor, TRUE or FALSE

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Ligand or first messenger

Answer 18

The chemical that interacts with the receptor

Question 19

Both endogenous and exogenous ligands can activate receptors. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The specific cellular responses to the ligand are determined by the receptor, NOT the ligand. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Lipophilic signals

Answer 21

diffuse through the membrane and bind to the cytosolic or nuclear receptors

Question 22

Hydrophilic signals

Answer 22

cannot enter the cell and bind to the cell membrane receptors