Module 4 Biological Basis of Increasing Muscular Strength

Question 1

The force that a muscle exerts ultimately depends on?

A) Both the number of active motor units (MU recruitment) and their discharge rate/rate coding.
B) Rate coding
C) None of the above
D) Motor unit recruitment only

Answer 1

A) Both the number of active motor units (MU recruitment) and their discharge rate/rate coding.

Question 2

When we stimulate a muscle at rest at a peripheral site e.g. femoral nerve, what physiological mechanisms are we attempting to probe?

A) Motor unit recruitment rate
B) Cortical inhibition
C) Muscle contractility
D) Corticospinal excitability

Answer 2

C) Muscle contractility

Question 3

What is the difference between the H-Reflex and V-wave?

A) The site of stimulation
B) V-wave is a H-reflex recorded during a maximal contraction
C) The H-reflex shows better sensitivity to adaptations from resistance training

Answer 3

B) V-wave is a H-reflex recorded during a maximal contraction

Question 4

At what site along the nervous system does TMS excite?

A) Motor cortex
B) Cervicomedullary
C) None of the answers listed
D) Peripheral nerves

Answer 4

A) Motor cortex

Question 5

What stimulation technique most directly synapses onto the spinal/Alpha motor neuron via descending paths?

A) Cervico-medullar electrical stimulation (CMES)
B) Transcranical magnetic stimulation (TMS)
C) H-reflex

Answer 5

A) Cervico-medullar electrical stimulation (CMES)

Question 6

The cross-education phenomenon refers to?

A) Increases in muscle mass of the untrained contralateral limb following unilateral resistance training
B) Improvements in the strength of the antagonist muscle from resistance training.
C) Improvements in muscular strength of the untrained contralateral limb following unilateral resistance
training.

Answer 6

C) Improvements in muscular strength of the untrained contralateral limb following unilateral resistance
training.

Question 7

The V-wave is suggested to be indicative of ?

A) None of the answers listed here
B) Supraspinal drive
C) Corticospinal excitability
D) Recurrent inhibition

Answer 7

B) Supraspinal drive

Question 8

What afferent does the H-reflex depolarize/excite?

A) 1a
B) Alpha motor neuron
C) Reticulospinal tract
D) Corticospinal tract

Answer 8

A) 1a

Question 9

What insight into architectural adaptation from resistance training did the Seynnes 2007
give?

A) No meaningful architectural adaptations start to occur in the muscle until 4 weeks of resistance
training.
B) That other structural adaptations such as increases in fascicle length and or changes in pennation
angle start to occur earlier than meaningful increases in muscle size
C) That early increases in force are predominately driven by architectural adaptations and not neural.

Answer 9

B) That other structural adaptations such as increases in fascicle length and or changes in pennation
angle start to occur earlier than meaningful increases in muscle size