Module 4: Basics of Organic Chemistry (4.1.1)

Question 1

What is a Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

1. Compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen ONLY.
2. Saturated hydrocarbons contain SINGLE C-C bonds ONLY.
3. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one C=C bond.

Question 2

Homologous Series

Answer 2

1. Family of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, whose successive members differ by CH₂.
2. Alkanes - CnH₂n+2
3. Alkyl Group - CnH2n+1
4. Alkenes CnH₂n
5. Alcohols CnH₂n+1OH

Question 3

Functional Group

Answer 3

1. Group of atoms that are responsible for its’ chemical properties.
   2.

Question 4

Naming Hydrocarbons

Answer 4

1. Aliphatic - Carbon atoms joined together in straight, branched/unbranched chains.
2. Alicyclic - Carbon atoms joined together in a ring, branched or unbranched.
3. Aromatic - In a benzene ring
4. Longest Carbon chain gives parent name.
5. Side chains ordered alphabetically

Question 5

Representing Formulae

Answer 5

• Molecular Formula - Number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule.
• Empirical Formula - Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element.
• Displayed Formula - Relative positioning of all atoms an the bonds between them.
• Structural Formula - Arrangement of atoms in a molecule, no bonds.
• Skeletal Formula - Carbon skeleton and functional groups, where each line represents a bond and intersection of 2 lines represents a C atom.

Question 6

Isomerism

Answer 6

Structural Isomers - Same molecular formula, different structural formula.

Question 7

Bond Fission

Answer 7

1. Curly arrows show the movement of e-
   • Homolytic Fission - Covalent bond breaks, each bonded atom take 1 e- from the shared pair.
2. Results in formation of radicals
   • Heterolytic Fission - One of the bonded atoms takes BOTH e-.
3. Results in 1 positive ion and one negative ion.