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A Level Chemistry > Module 4- Basics of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Module 4- Basics of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

name for 1 carbon atom

A

meth

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2
Q

name for 2 carbon atoms

A

eth

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3
Q

name for 3 carbon atoms

A

prop

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4
Q

name for 4 carbon atoms

A

but

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5
Q

name for 5 carbon atoms

A

pent

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6
Q

name for 6 carbon atoms

A

hex

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7
Q

name for 7 carbon atoms

A

hept

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8
Q

name for 8 carbon atoms

A

oct

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9
Q

name for 9 carbon atoms

A

non

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10
Q

name for 10 carbon atoms

A

dec

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11
Q

name ending for alkanes

A

ane

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12
Q

functional group for alkanes

A

none

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13
Q

name ending for haloalkanes

A

ane

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14
Q

functional group for haloalkanes

A

group 7 halogen

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15
Q

name ending for alcohols

A

ol

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16
Q

functional group for alcohols

A

OH

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17
Q

name ending for alkenes

A

ene

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18
Q

functional group for alkenes

A

C=C

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19
Q

name ending for aldehydes

A

al

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20
Q

functional group for aldehydes

A

=O
C - C - H

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21
Q

name ending for ketones

A

one

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22
Q

functional group for ketones

A

= O
C - C - C

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23
Q

name ending for carboxylic acid

A

oic acid

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24
Q

functional group for carboxylic acid

A

=O
C - C - OH

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25
Q

steps for naming organic compounds

A

1- find the longest continuous carbon chain
2- determine if an ending needs to be added to the base name, this is necessary if a functional group is present on any of the carbon atoms
3- number the carbon chain so the functional group is on the lowest number carbon
4- number any side groups
5- if there are 2 side chains name in alphabetical order
6- if there is more than 1 identical functional group or side chain put di, tri or tetra

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26
Q

how do you number the functional group

A

number the carbons above and below and use the smallest number that aligns with the functional group

27
Q

how do you name organic compounds when there are side groups

A

use the name of the side group then the name of the carbon chain

28
Q

prefix for haloalkanes

A

-chloro
-bromo
-iodo

29
Q

prefix for aldehydes

A

-formyl

30
Q

prefix for ketones

A

-oxo

31
Q

prefix for alcohols

A

-hydroxy

32
Q

suffix for esters

A

alkyl- -anoate

33
Q

esters functional group

A

=o
c - c

34
Q

define general formula

A

-algebraic formula for a homologous series

35
Q

general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

36
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

37
Q

general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

38
Q

define molecular formula

A

-the formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule or element

39
Q

define structural formula

A

-the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds
-gives the minimum detail for arrangement of atoms in a molecule

40
Q

define skeletal formula

A

-shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
-each corner represents a carbon atom

41
Q

define displayed formula

A

-shows the arrangement of atoms showing all covalent bonds present in a molecule

42
Q

shape around carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons

A

-tetrahedral

43
Q

describe drawing displayed formula

A

-make sure each carbon has 4 bonds when adding hydrogen atoms

44
Q

define homologous series

A

-families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula

45
Q

features of homologous series

A

-they show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point)
-successive members increase by CH2 from the last
-same chemical properties

46
Q

cycloalkanes suffix and prefix

A

cyclo- -ane

47
Q

what are the 2 types of carbon skeleton

A

-aromatic
-aliphatic

48
Q

define aromatic compounds

A

-a compound containing a benzene ring
-may have functional groups and alkyl groups coming from this

49
Q

define alicyclic compounds

A

-an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

50
Q

define aliphatic compounds

A

-a compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

51
Q

features of alkyl groups

A

-hydrocarbon branches
-general formula CnH2n+1

52
Q

how are molecules named

A

-according to rules set down by IUPAC

53
Q

how to add a suffix when the suffix starts with a vowel

A

-remove the –e from the stem alkane name
eg. propan-1-ol

54
Q

how to add a suffix when the suffix starts with a consonant or there are two or more functional groups

A

-do not remove the the –e from the stem alkane name

55
Q

what does a chemical mechanism do

A

-shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

56
Q

what are the two ways to break a covalent bond in organic mechanisms

A

-homolytic fission
-heterolytic fission

57
Q

define structural isomers

A

-same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)

58
Q

what are the types of structural isomers

A

-chain isomers
-positional isomers
-functional group isomers

59
Q

define chain isomers

A

-same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

60
Q

features of chain isomers

A

-similar chemical properties
-slightly different physical properties
-more branching so lower boiling point

61
Q

define positional isomers

A

-compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton

62
Q

features of positional isomers

A

-similar chemical properties
-different physical properties

63
Q

define functional group isomers

A

-compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

64
Q

features of functional group isomers

A

-different chemical properties
-different physical properties

A Level Chemistry (6 decks)

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