Module 2 - Atoms, Ions and Electronic Structure

Question 1

what are isotopes

Answer 1

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 2

how to find number of neutrons

Answer 2

bottom number (mass number) - top number (atomic number)

Question 3

define relative isotopic mass

Answer 3

the mass of an atom of a single isotope relative to 1/12th of a carbon 12 atom

Question 4

define atomic mass

Answer 4

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 of a carbon 12 atom, taking into account isotopic abundances

Question 5

hydroxide ion

Answer 5

OH-

Question 6

nitrate ion

Answer 6

NO3 -

Question 7

sulfate ion

Answer 7

SO4 2-

Question 8

carbonate ion

Answer 8

CO3 2-

Question 9

what is an ionic equation

Answer 9

a chemical equation for a reaction that lists only those species participating in the reaction

Question 10

what splits up when writing an ionic equation

Answer 10

ions in an aqueous solution

Question 11

what is removed in an ionic equation

Answer 11

elements/ions that don’t change

Question 12

acid + metal

Answer 12

salt + hydrogen

Question 13

acid + base

Answer 13

salt + water

Question 14

acid + metal carbonates

Answer 14

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 15

acid + alkali (metal hydroxide)

Answer 15

salt + water

Question 16

how many electrons are in the first shell

Answer 16

2

Question 17

how many electrons are in the 2nd shell

Answer 17

8

Question 18

how many electrons are in the 3rd shell

Answer 18

18

Question 19

how many electrons are in the 4th shell

Answer 19

32

Question 20

what does each sub level consist of

Answer 20

electron orbitals (regions of space in which the electron spends most of its time)

Question 21

what are orbitals

Answer 21

regions of space around the nucleus that can hold 2 electrons with opposite spin

Question 22

what is the shape of an s orbital

Answer 22

sphere

Question 23

what is the shape of a p orbital

Answer 23

dumbbell

Question 24

what is the number of orbitals in sub level s

Answer 24

1

Question 25

what are the maximum numbers of electrons in sub level s

Answer 25

2

Question 26

what is the number of orbitals in sub level p

Answer 26

3

Question 27

what are the maximum numbers of electrons in sub level p

Answer 27

6

Question 28

what is the number of orbitals in sub level d

Answer 28

5

Question 29

what are the maximum numbers of electrons in sub level d

Answer 29

10

Question 30

what is the pauli exclusion principle

Answer 30

each orbital can hold two electrons with opposite spin

Question 31

what is hunds rule

Answer 31

within a sublevel, place one electron per orbital before pairing them - empty bus seat rule

Question 32

pattern of electron configuration

Answer 32

1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
4s2
3d10
4p6
5s2

Question 33

which elements do not follow the rule of ion electron configuration

Answer 33

-transition metals
-gallium
-krypton

Question 34

what do atoms that don’t follow the typical ion electron configuration rule do

Answer 34

lose the 4s electrons first then 3d electrons

Question 35

phosphate ion

Answer 35

PO4 3-

Question 36

ammonium ion

Answer 36

NH4 +