Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intoduction To Cardiology > Module 4- basic ECG & Arrhythmia > Flashcards

Module 4- basic ECG & Arrhythmia Flashcards

1
Q

ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

STEMI

A

Penetrates entire myocardial wall.
ST Segment elevation of 1mm or more in more than one lead that looks at the same ventricular wall segment
results in “Q” waves (wider than 1mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventricular Flutter

A

150-300 bpm

as flutter waves become smaller, fibrillation more imminent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

150-500 bpm

grossly irregular waveform with various amplitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Torsade de pointes

A

type of VT showing cycles of alternation QRS polarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

A

3 or more Premature Ventricular Contractions occur in succession exceeding 100-250 bpm
Widened QRS complex
ST segments and T waves may not be distinct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Premature Ventricular Tachycardia (PVC)

A

Widened QRS (greater than .12s)
can also be interpolated
either a RBBB or LBBB or near normal morphology
-impulse of ventricular origin before next expected sinus beat, SA activity is unaffected (impulse is unable to penetrate AV node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3rd degree AV block

complete heart block

A

All sinus and SV impulses fail to conduct through AV node to ventricles. (Latent subsidiary pacemaker is needed)
Atrial rate is different from Ventricular rate. (no consistent PR interval)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2nd degree AV block type II (Mobitz II)

A

Occasionally a P wave in not conducted to the ventricles.

PR interval is constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2nd degree AV block type I (Wenckebach)

A

Impulse from the atria becomes harder and harder to propagate to ventricles.
Progressive prolongation of P wave
PR interval is longest right before dropped beat and shortest right after
QRS complex’s cluster into groups separated by non-conducted P waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First Degree AV block

A

Refractory period of the AV node is delayed
PR interval exceeds .20s
P waves can be buried in preceding T waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventricular Arrhythmia’s are:

A

Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular flutter
Ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atrioventricular conduction defects are:

A 
First degree (Mobitz I) AV block
Second degree (Mobitz II) AV block
Second degree (Wenckebach)
Third degree (complete heart block)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Supraventricular Arrhythmias are:

A 
When PAC's occur in succession 
Atrial fibrillation and flutter
AV nodal re-entry tachycardia
AV re-entry tachycardia
Atrial tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atrial fibrillation with Irregular RR response

A

Absence of discernible P waves
QRS normal
T wave obscured by f(fibrillatory) waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Both atria beat chaotically not allowing ventricles to fill completely.
No P wave, Variable R-R interval
impulse reach ventricles in excess of 140-180 bpm
most common adult arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

Slower more organized rhythm than fibrillation
Atria contract faster than ventricles
f(flutter) waves appear
Usually associated with AV block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

A

Originates in ectopic focus outside the SA node
Can come suddenly and then terminate, 3 or more in a row indicated SV tachycardia.
140-220 bpm
P wave may be premature and hidden in preceding T wave
P wave contours differ

18
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Tall, peaked, narrow T waves in precordial leads

19
Q

Precordial leads

A

“chest leads”
provide a horizontal view of the heart
V1-V6

20
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Flattened T waves
appearance of U waves in anterior Precordial leads (V2, V3)
ST depression

21
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT interval

22
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Prolonged QT interval

23
Q

Digoxin Toxicity

A

produces significant ECG changes
ST scooping depression
mild PR prolongation

24
Q

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)

A

failure to conduct an impulse through the left bundle branch.
lead V1 will have a deep S wave
large RR in V6 with duration of .12s

25
Q

Fascicular block

A

failure to conduct an impulse through the left anterior-superior fascicle, or the left posterior-inferior fascicle branches off of the Left bundle branch.

26
Q

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)

A

failure to conduct an impulse through the right bundle branch.
RSR’ pattern- secondary R wave in V1- QRS duration .12s
Slurred S wave in V6

27
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

rhythm exceeding 100 bpm

28
Q

Sinus arrhythmia

A

Exaggeration of the normal heart rate during respiration

29
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

less than 60 bpm

30
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

fairly regular and continuous

31
Q

Components of the cardiac conduction system

A 
SA node
AV node 
Bundle of His
Left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
32
Q

P wave

A

First waveform in a cycle
represents atrial depolarization
.12 s

33
Q

PR interval

A

beginning of the P wave to the beginning of QRS complex

represents impulse transversing the AV node

34
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

35
Q

ST segment

A

Low electrical activity following ventricular depolarization
(sensitive indicator of ischemia during myocardial infarction)
For end of QRS to beginning of T wave

36
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

37
Q

QT Interval

A

From the beginning of the QRS to the end of the T wave
ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Shortens as heart rate quickens, lengthens as heart rate decreases
indicator of predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias

38
Q

U wave

A

Deflection following T wave

origin uncertain

39
Q

Non- ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

NSTEMI

A

Does not penetrate entire width of the myocardium. ECG changes variable but include:

  • Downsloping ST segment depression of 1mm or more
  • T wave inversion
  • or both
40
Q

Right atrial enlargement (RAE)

A

Tall peaked P wave

associated with right ventricular hypertrophy

41
Q

Left atrial enlargement (LAE)

A

Biphasic P wave “double hump”

Longer duration of P wave in some leads

42
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)

A

Increase R wave height in ECG leads that reflect left ventricular potential

Intoduction To Cardiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions