Module 4-A&P Skeleton 4.1 Flashcards
What are some functions of the skeleton
- Protects vital internal organs
- All bones are storage areas for inorganic calcium and phosphorus salts.
- Flat bones, such as those of the skull, ribs, and breastbone, produce blood cells.
- Bones provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons, and ligaments.
- The long bones, particularly those of the legs and the arms, permit flexible body movement.
- The large, heavy bones of the legs support the body against the pull of gravity.
What does the skull protect?
The brain. The skull forms a protective encasement for the brain.
What does the rib cage protect?
The rib cage provides protection for the heart and lungs.
What is the skeleton comprised of?
The skeleton is comprised of a network of bones held together at joints.
Flat bones, such as those of the skull, ribs, and breastbone, produce what?
blood cells
What three things to bones provide sites for attachment of?
Bones provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons, and ligaments.
The long bones, particularly those of the legs and the arms, permit what function?
flexible body movement
The large, heavy bones of the legs support the body against what?
the pull of gravity
There are five basic bone shapes. Name them.
Long Flat Short Irregular Sesamoid
The shape of the bone determines its _______.
function
Describe the shape and function of long bones.
Shape: Long bones are long and thin.
Function: Long bones support body weight and enable movement
Name some examples of long bones.
Examples of long bones include the humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and metatarsals
Where are flat bones located and what do they protect?
Flat bones (such as in the cranium) form the roof of the skull to protect the brain.
What is the shape of small bones? Name an example.
Short bones are small and cube-shaped.
An example: The carpals in the hand and tarsals in the foot are short bones.
- Irregular bones are varied in structure with two characteristics: _________ or __________.
Irregular bones are varied in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces.
The vertebrae are irregular bones. What do they protect, and also enable?
The vertabrae protect the spinal cord, as well as enable spinal movements.
What kind of bones are the pelvic bones?
Name the three pelvic bones.
Pelvic bones are: irregular bones. The three pelvic bones are: * ilium * ischium * pubis
What is the shape of sesamoid bones? What do they reinforce?
Sesamoid bones are small and flat. They reinforce tendons.
Name one example of a sesamoid bone.
The patella is an example of a sesamoid bone.
Describe the look of these five basic bone shapes:
Long Flat Short Irregular Sesamoid
Long - long and thin
Flat - flat and support cranium
Short - small and cube-shaped
Irregular-structure varies;w/ ridges & irregular surfaces
Sesamoid - small and flat
What bone shape is found protect the skull?
Flat bones
List four different characteristics that identify bone landmarks.
Each bone has distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or holes called bone landmarks.
Bone landmarks serve several functions. Name several.
- Some bone landmarks allow for tendons to attach.
- Other markings indicate where nerves and blood vessels run alongside the bone or penetrate the bone to provide blood and nervous supply.
Name the landmarks (3 of them) that are openings in the bone to allow for nerves, blood supply, or a passageway.
Foramen, canal, fissure
What is the landmark that is hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air
Sinus
What are the landmarks: process and ramus?
elevations in bone
Name the six processes or projections for tendon or ligament attachment.
Trochanter Tuberosity Tubercle Crest Line Spine
Name the five processes designed for articulation with adjacent bones.
Head Neck Condyle Trochlea Facet
What are the two depressions in bone
Fossa
Sulcus
Name the two main divisions in the human skeleton.
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
Where does the axial skeleton lay on the body?
The axial skeleton lies on the midline of the body
What makes up the axial skeleton? (Name all five).
Skull Vertebral column Sternum Laryngeal skeleton Thoracic (rib) cage
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs.
