Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DI 1101 - Radiology > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

L1: 21-29 mm
L2: 23-36 mm

A

interpediculate distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

10-15 deg

A

lumbosacral disc angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

<12 mm - definite stenosis

<15 mm - suggests stenosis

A

Eisenstein’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

50-60 deg

A

lumbar lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ferguson’s angle?

A

30-60 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Horizontal line from center of L3 vertebral body - passing thorugh anterior 1/3 of sacral base

A

lumbar gravity line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

20-40 deg

A

thoracic kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adult = 3 mm max

children = 5 mm max

A

atlantodental interspace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spinolaminar junction line should be…

A

smooth and unbroken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chamberlain’s line? what does it screen for?

A

hard palate –> foramen magnum

basilar impression = >7 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

McGregor’s line?

A

hard palate –> base of occipital bone

dens should not pass

> 8 mm - males
10 mm - females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Retropharyngeal interspace?

What level? what’s the max?

A

C2

7 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Retrotracheal interspace?

What level? what’s the max?

A

C6

20-22mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Teardrop distance

Max?

L&R difference max? What is the Waldenstrom’s sign?

A

11mm max

> 2mm

indicative joint effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diastasis of the pubic symphysis = __mm

A

7 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bohler’s angle?

A

30-40 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Instability - FL-EX

Cervical spine? > ___ = unstable
Lumbar spine? > ___ = unstable

A
  1. 5 mm

4. 5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GH joint space?

A

4-5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AC joint space?

A

2-4 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Grade I AC Sprain (Mild)

AC ligament is….
Other ligaments are….
Clavicle is….

A

mild sprain of AC

other ligaments are intact

clavicle not elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grade II AC Sprain (Moderate)

AC ligament is….
Clavicle is….

A

AC ligament and joint capsules are RUPTURED

clavicle is elevated but not above superior border of acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Grade III AC Sprain (Severe sprain)

AC ligament is….
Other ligaments are….
Clavicle is….

A

AC and CC liga and joint capsules are ruptured

clavicle elevated above superior border of the acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

AH joint space?

A

7-11 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CC joint space?

A

11-13 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If anterior humeral line is disrupted - what do you suspect?

A

supracondylar fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If radiocapitellar line is disrupted - what do you suspect?

A

radial head fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is CRITOL?

A 
capitellum
radial head
internal/medial epicondyle
olecranon 
lateral epicondyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the acronym for Salter Harris Fx?

What is the most common Type?

A 
S - slip
A - above
L - lower
TE - through everything
R - rammed

TYPE 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Capitolunate sign?

A

> 30 deg capitolunate angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Scapholunate angle?

A

30-60 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Radial inclination

Volar inclination

A

radial = 20-25 deg

volar = 0-22 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q 
C
A
T
B
I
T
E
S
A 
Congenital
Arthrides
Tumor
Blood
Infection
Trauma
Endocrine
Soft tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Jefferson’s

A

C1 Burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hangman’s fx

A

bilat pedicle fx of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Clay shoveler’s fx

A

alvusion of SP (C6-C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Avulsion of ant-inf VB?

A

teardrop - hyper FL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Avulsion of post-inf VB?

A

teardrop - hyper FL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Dens fx = type II

A

at level transverse ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Chance fx

A

TL junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

MOI of EEE

Trough sign

vacant glenoid sign

A

Posterior shoulder dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

3 associated injuries with ant shoulder dx?

A

hill sach
bankart
flap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

MC AC separation/injury

A

Type I (other ligaments okay - just AC lig sprain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Madelung deformity - ulna or radius?

4 types?

When does it usually manifest? Presenting as?

A

radius

late childhood or adolescents - wrist pain (females with Turner’s syndrome)

dysplastic
traumatic
genetic
idiopathic

44
Q

Colles fx - ulna or radius

A

radius

45
Q

Malgaigne fx

A

vertical fracture with bilateral SI dx and fx of pubic ramus

46
Q

Most common type of intra-capsular hip fx. What are some complications?

A

subcapital

AVN

non/mal union

47
Q

Most common type of extra-capsular hip fx. What’s usually the cause of these fx?

A

subtrochanteric (more so the shaft - no more than 5 cm below the lesser trochanter)

patho (biphos use, etc)

48
Q

Segond’s

Other complications?

A

avulsion of lateral tib

ACL, meniscus

49
Q

Pellegrini’s steida

Is it a fracture or a post-traumatic observation….

A

MCL

Pellegrini-Stieda lesions are ossified post-traumatic lesions at (or near) the medial femoral collateral ligament adjacent to the margin of the medial femoral condyle. One presumed mechanism of injury is a Stieda fracture (avulsion injury of the medial collateral ligament at the medial femoral condyle). Calcification usually begins to form a few weeks after the initial injury.

Clinical presentation
Most patients are asymptomatic while a small proportion will have medial knee pain (Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome).

50
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s

A

tib tub

chronic fatigue injury due to repeated microtrauma at the patellar ligament insertion onto the tibial tuberosity, usually affecting boys between 10-15 years.

51
Q

Maisonneuve’s

A

spiral fx of proximal 1/3 fibula - disrupting syndesmosis and interosseous

52
Q

Lisfranc’s

A

lateral displacement of 2-4 MTs

53
Q

Chauffeur’s

A

radial styloid

54
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Lumbar Spine

A

PA or AP*
Lateral View*
Medial/Lateral oblique

55
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Thoracic Spine

A

AP*

Lateral*

56
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Cervical Spine

A 
APOM*
AP lower cervical*
Lateral cervical*
Medial/lateral oblique
FL/EX
Pillar view
57
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Shoulder

A 
AP*
AP EX ROT*
AP baby arm (EX ROT + ABD)
Axillary
Y/lateral/transthoracic view
AC joint view (cephalad tube)
58
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Elbow

A

AP*
Lateral*
Medial/lateral oblique
Tangential/Jones

59
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Wrist

A

PA*
Medial oblique*
Lateral*
PA + U deviation

60
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Hand

A

PA*
Medial oblique*
Lateral*
Ball catcher

61
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Hip

A

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Hand

62
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Knee

A 
AP*
Lateral*
Tunnel
Tangential
Medial/lateral obliques
63
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Ankle

A

AP*
Medial oblique*
Lateral*

64
Q

Minimum Diagnostic Series

Foot

A

DP*
Medial oblique*
Lateral*

65
Q

burst vs. compression fx

A
  • Bursts are a type of compression fracture!
  • MOI of burst fractures: axial compression
  • Unlike compression fx, usually there are multiple fracture lines
  • Risk for neuro deficit because of sharp bony margins
  • Vertical VB fracture line with posterior displacement of George’s line
66
Q

List some common complications

A
  • OA
  • AVN
  • Instability
  • Non/mal-union
  • MO
  • DDD, DJD
  • Infection
  • CRPS
  • Compartment syndrome
  • Post-traumatic myelomalacia
  • NM bundle disruption and FBI
67
Q

Canadian C-Spine Rules:

3 High RF
5 Low RF

If they have one of the low RFs - what would you proceed to do?

A

sixty-five
fast drive
sensory deprive

slow wreck
slow neck
sitting down
walkin' round
c-spine fine

proceed check bilateral active rotation (45 deg)

68
Q

Canadian C-Spine Rules:

In lateral FL-EX study - how much is “instability”?

How much is “angular deformity”?

A

3.5mm horizontal translation

angular deformity

69
Q

What do you do if you suspect a fx but it is unseen/occult?

A

CT
CT
CT
CT

70
Q

Ottawa Knee Rules (5)

Ottawa Ankle Rules (2)

A 
55+ y/o
isolated patella tenderness
isolated head of fib tenderness
cannot FL 90 deg
non-WBing

tenderness at lat/med malleolus (post edge and tip of mall - 6 cm above)
non-WBing

71
Q

Patient comes in with new/recent fracture - what observations or checks do you make?

A 
vitals + neuro
ST swelling
discolouration, temperature
mobility, motion
impaired fxn?
deformity (visible/palpation)
72
Q

What is typical of a supracondylar process?

What structures are at risk?

What ligament can also run along it?

Adjust?

A

points towards the joint

median nerve

Struther’s

sure

73
Q

What is often associated with a olecranon foramen?

A

os supratrochleare dorsale

74
Q

MC carpal coalition? Best view to see this?

A

lun-triq

PA wrist

75
Q

Are Duverney fx stable?

A

Yeah

76
Q

Are alvusion fx of the ASIS/AIIS stable?

A

yes

77
Q

Are Malgaigne’s fx stable?

A

nope

78
Q

Two types of stress fractures in the hip? What populations?

A

fatigue - young people (or active older adults)

insufficiency - osteoporosis elders (refer to GP) - usually no activity related

79
Q

Posterior hip dislocation - commonly asso w/ what?

MOI?

A

post rim fracture, fem shaft fx,

MC hip dx

blow to knee in hip FL

80
Q

MOI for an anterior hip dx? list some complications

A

forced ABD + EX ROT

neurovascular bundle injury, non/mal union, AVN, MO

81
Q

What line(s) are disrupted in a SCFE?

POM?

A

Klein’s, iliofemoral line

advise not to WB, head to GP asap for further imaging and potential ortho Rx

82
Q

Which fractures of the femur appear to be T or Y shaped?

A

femoral condylar fx

83
Q

Most patellar fractures are….

MOI?

DDx

A

transverse (60%)

hyper-FL

DDx - bi/tripartite patella

84
Q

tibial plateau/bumper fx

T or F: usually affects the medial plateau

T or F: 50% of these happen in older adults

POM?

A

F - lateral

T

immobilize, monitor (vitals/neuro) - suggest MRI for further imaging (ST and ligamentous structures)

85
Q

What is a trampoline fx?

A

fracture of the prox tib metaphysis

86
Q

T or F: FBI sign means it is likely an extra-articular fx

A

nope - intra

87
Q

MOI for lateral mall fractures

most common type of fracture

_____ sign usually present

A

EX ROT + EV

oblique or spiral

mckenzie

88
Q

Maisonneuve fracture

A

is the combination of a spiral fracture of the proximal fibula and unstable ankle injury which could manifest radiographically by widening of the ankle joint due to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and/or deltoid ligament disruption, or fracture of the medial malleolus. It is caused by pronation external-rotation mechanism. It requires surgical fixation.

89
Q

Lover’s fracture

A

calcaneal compression - decreased bohler’s angle

usually comminuted, asso with tendon rupture

90
Q

Jone’s fractures

T or F: base of 4th

T or F: usually a transverse fx

MOI?

T or F: High rate of non-union

A

F
T
T

MOI: forced IN and PF (avulsion of peroneals)

91
Q

diabetics, horse back riders, MVA, bikers

forefoot gets trapped and midfoot is dx and fx

what kind of dislocation is this?

A

lisfranc

92
Q

MC being subacromial

Bankart lesion

flap fracture

hill sach’s

A

Anterior shoulder dx

93
Q

Distal clavicle - post-traumatic osteolysis

Often found unilateral in which population? What if it’s bilateral - what may that be indicative of?

A

weight lifters

RA, hyperparathyroidism (females)

94
Q

Fx of proximal humerus

What 4 locations would you categorize it?

Which location is the most common for a humerus to fx?

A

anatomical neck

surgical neck - MC

greater tub

lesser tub

95
Q

Parry’s/Nightstick fx vs. Monteggia fx vs. Galeazzi fx

A

Parry - Ulna only

Monteggia - The Monteggia fracture is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of the radius.

Galeazzi - aka reverse monteggia - fracture at distal radius w/ distal dx of radioulnar joint

96
Q

Colles fx vs. smith’s fx vs. chauffeur’s fx

A

Colles fractures are very common extra-articular fractures of the distal radius that occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand. They consist of a fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction, but without the involvement of the articular surface. This article describes radiographic features to check for and possible complications. MOI = FOOSH + PRO + FL. Dinner fork deformity (common in osteoporosis females)

Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture. MOI = fall on wrist in hyper FL or direct blow to back of wrist

Chauffeur fractures (also known as Hutchinson fractures or backfire fractures) are intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size.

97
Q

Scaphoid fractures

T or F: you can usually find radiographic findings immediately

T or F: rare in children

T or F: pain snuff box

T or F: high risk for AVN

A

F
T
T
T

98
Q

Terry Thomas sign is for…..

A

scapholunate dx

99
Q

Bennett fractures tend to be intra-articular or extra-articular?

A

intra-articular

100
Q

Mallet finger: MOI?

Gamekeeper’s: MOI?

A

hyper EX - avulsion of the IPJ’s volar plate

forced ABD in fall

101
Q

T or F: both Jefferson’s and Hangman’s fx have no neuro signs

A

T

with burst (Jeff) - fragments usually displace outwards - sparing the spinal cord

102
Q

How do you differentiate a FL and EX teardrop fracture?

A

FL = NEURO NEURO NEURO!

FL = post-inf fragment

EX = ant-inf fragment

103
Q

5 signs of a tear drop fx

A 
lower Cs comp. fx
ant/inf fragment seen
increased interspinous distance
mild rotary subluxation of facet
potential listhesis
104
Q

DDx for dens fracture

A

os odontoideum

105
Q

Clay shoveler tends to happen where?

Neuro symptoms - yes or nah?

A

C7-T1

Nah

differentiate from unfused apopphysis

DI 1101 - Radiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions