Module 4-6 and 12 Flashcards
It is a symbol in which electrons in the valence shell of an atom are represented by dots
Lewis Symbol
is a graphic representation of the electron distribution in a
compound or an ion.
Lewis Structure
- For ________, increase the number of available electrons by the charge of anion;
- For ________, decrease the number of available electrons by the charge of the cation.
- an anion
- a cation
ANION =
CATION =
ANION = NEGATIVE
CATION = POSITIVE
Formula of formal charge?
(no. of bonded electrons + no. of non-bonded electrons) or (no. of lines + no. of dots)
states that a molecule will adjust its shape so that the valence electron pairs (these can either be a bonding pair or a lone pair) stay as far apart from each other as possible.
VSEPR model
- molecule is not symmetric.
- it has a net dipole moment
Polar
- molecule is completely symmetric
- have no net dipole moment
Nonpolar
is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of an atom or group of atoms that have characteristic chemical behavior of an organic compound.
functional group
Melting and Boiling point of Butane
-138.4, -0.5
Melting and Boiling point of 1-butanol
-89.5, 117.2
Melting and Boiling point of Butanoic acid
-4.5, 163.5
Alcohol
General Formula
ROH
Aldehyde
General Formula
RCHO
Ketone
General Formula
RCOR’
Carboxylic Acid
General Formula
RCOOH
Ester
General Formula
RCOOR’
Amide
General Formula
RCONR’R”
Amine
General Formula
RNR’R”
- an organic compound that contains
- one or more hydroxyl groups.
Alcohol
They are polar in nature. Their boiling point is lower than alcohol because of lack of hydrogen, thus they cannot participate in hydrogen bonding like alcohols.
Aldehydes and Ketones
- is an organic compound which can donate the proton of the hydroxyl group to a number of reactions.
- Its acidity is the primary chemical characteristic
Carboxylic Acid
The molecules are polar in nature but have no hydrogen atom attached directly to an oxygen atom. The boiling point are similar to aldehyde and ketones.
Esters
functional groups in which a carbonyl carbon atom is linked by a single bond to a nitrogen atom and either a hydrogen or a carbon atom.
* also known as a carboxamide
Amides
