Module 13-14

Question 1

exothermic chemical reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen gas and gives off energy in the form of light and heat. Fuel, a hydrocarbon easily reacts with oxygen to release useful energy.

Answer 1

Combustion

Question 2

• Occurs when a fuel reacts rapidly with oxygen (O2) and produces carbon dioxide (CO2).
• Fuels such as natural gas and petrol is made up of hydrocarbons.

Answer 2

Complete combustion

Question 3

Combustion occurs with insufficient oxygen, producing water but forming carbon monoxide and soot instead of carbon dioxide.

Answer 3

Incomplete combustion

Question 4

A chemical reaction where an atom or group is added to a molecule, typically involving alkenes or alkynes (unsaturated compounds) to form saturated compounds. (alkane)

Answer 4

Addition Reaction

Question 5

Also known as a dehydration reaction, it is an organic process where two smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the elimination of a small molecule, often water.

Answer 5

Condensation Reaction

Question 6

Other small molecules in condensation are…

Answer 6

hydrogen chloride, methanol, and acetic acid.

Question 7

In condensation, Many organic compounds that combine with each other to produce a larger molecule are…

Answer 7

aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkynes, and
amines

Question 8

literally known as “soap making”. It is a process by which triglycerides are reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called “soap”.

Answer 8

Saponification

Question 9

What is used to make soft soap, and what is used to make hard soap?

Answer 9

sodium hydroxide, sodium potassium

Question 10

are made by green plants during photosynthesis, a complex process in which sunlight provides the energy to convert CO2 into glucose.

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

one sugar unit. It can’t be hydrolyzed into smaller molecules. Examples?

Answer 11

Monosaccharide,

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose.

Question 12

two simple sugar units per molecule linked together. Examples?

Answer 12

Disaccharide

Sucrose (table sugar), Maltose, and Lactose.

Question 13

Many sugar units in a molecule. It can break into their constituent monosaccharide units. Examples?

Answer 13

Polysaccharide

Cellulose, Glycogen, and Starch

Question 14

is the primary fuel from which energy is produced in living organisms.

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

-Natural sugar found in
fruits

Answer 15

Fructose

Question 16

usually found in nature combined with
other sugars

Answer 16

Galactose

Question 17

Monosaccharides Formula?

Answer 17

CnH2nOn.

Question 18

• common table sugar
• glucose and fructose linked together

Answer 18

Sucrose

Question 19

glucose and galactose
linked together

Answer 19

Lactose

Question 20

two glucose molecules
linked together

Answer 20

Maltose

Question 21

straight chain polymer consisting of glucose units

Answer 21

Cellulose

Question 22

found in plants and used as source of energy

Answer 22

Starch

Question 23

stored energy found in animals

Answer 23

Glycogen

Question 24

are also called as “glycans”

Answer 24

Polysaccharide