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bio 264 module 4-5 > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Transcription

A

Transcription makes DNA into RNA

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2
Q

What is Translation

A

Translation make mRNA into protein`

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3
Q

A gene is

A
  • the functional unit of heredity
  • certain portion of a DNA molecule
  • Part of a chromosome
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4
Q

What organelle modifies proteins before being carried to the plasma membrane?

A

Golgi Apparatus

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5
Q

DNA determines the characteristics of the cell by specifying

A

determining the ultimate protein structure

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6
Q

a gene is

A

a sequence of DNA in a chromosome

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7
Q

A cell that synthesizes large amounts of protein for use outside the cell has a large

A

amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

Which RNA type is used in translation to make protein

A

messenger RNA

mRNA

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9
Q

The golgi apparatus

A

modifies, packages and distributes both proteins and lipids

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10
Q

In animal cells, microtubules grow from which structure?

A

grow from centrosomes containing centrioles

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11
Q

what is the outer membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

A

endomembrane system

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12
Q

Genes are responsible for the structure and function of all cells by

A

coding for all proteins

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13
Q

which organelle proves energy for the cell

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

A true statement concerning rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

products from both types of organelles are only used inside the clee

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15
Q

which of the following would be found in cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

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16
Q

which organelle produces steroids

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

which of the following components includes a phospholipid membrane

A

golgi body

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18
Q

what is a true statement about RNA and DNA

A

RNA and DNA have a different number of strands in their structure

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19
Q

which structure is not a membrane-bound vesicle

A

proteasomes

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20
Q

which type of vesicles most likely involved in the break down of the potentially toxic and harmful substances

A

peroxisomes

21
Q

the mitochondria

A

has its own set of DNA

22
Q

where does transcription occur?

A

in the Nucleus

23
Q

where does translation occur

A

in the Cytoplasm

24
Q

histones

A

are integrated with the chromatin to form chromosomes

25
Q

which structure assists in breaking down and recycling proteins in the cell?

A

proteasomes

26
Q

chromosome

A

is comprised of histones and chromatin

27
Q

what are microfilaments composed of?

A

G-actin

28
Q

ATP

A

is used as energy in the cell

29
Q

which structure becomes incorporated with the plasma membrane and releases its contents via exocytosis

A

secretory vesicles

30
Q

which type of RNA is transcribed from DNA

A

mRNA

31
Q

what organelle contains enzymes that digest nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids

A

lysosomes

32
Q

which membrane-bound structure functions as an intracellular digestive system and involves H+ pumps that acidify and break down products?

A

lysosomes

33
Q

what is a true statement about the cytoskeleton

A
  • it supports the cell and holds the organelles in place
  • it is responsible for the changes in cell shape
  • it has a function in the movement of cell organelles
34
Q

what is the central dogma of biology

A

DNA to mRNA to Protein

35
Q

in which of these organelles is mRNA synthesized

A

nucleus

36
Q

what is the purpose of a ribosome

A

to assist in the production of proteins

37
Q

what structures are part of the ctoskeleton

A
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubles
  • actin filaments
38
Q

nucleus

A

Brain of the cell

directs cell activity and contains genetic material

39
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a network of membranes tubules with in the cytoplasm of a cell.

40
Q

What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER

A

Rough ER has ribosomes

41
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes with in the cytoplasm.

42
Q

what is the golgi apparatus involved in

A

secreation and intracellular transport

43
Q

mitochondria

A

where biochemical process of respiration and energy production occur- double membrane

44
Q

lysosomes

A

enclosed in the membrane

45
Q

proteasomes

A

breaks down proteins that have been tagged by ubiquitin

46
Q

peroxisomes

A

contains reducing enzymes catalse and usually some oxides

47
Q

cytoskeleton

A

protein filaments and tubules in cytoplasm.

48
Q

what is the ctyoskeleton’s job?

A

gives shape and coherence

49
Q

Function of a ribosomes

A

is to perform translation.

bio 264 module 4-5 (2 decks)

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