MODULE 4 Flashcards
are exterior non-load bearing walls whose outer surface may or may not form the exterior facing of the building and whose interior surface may or may not form the interior finish. It may rest on the building structure or may be hung from the structure.
Panel walls
are exterior non-load bearing walls whose outer surface may form exterior building face or it may be used back of panel curtain wall as back-up
Masonry panel walls
The two types of masonry panel walls are:
the stone masonry panel and the pre-cast masonry panel wall units.
are natural or artificial stone slabs which are anchored to the building structure by masonry anchors.
Stone masonry panels
are ordinary reinforced or prestressed concrete wall units which may span one floor or several floors.
Pre-cast masonry panel wall units
are exterior non-load bearing walls made up of panels attached directly to the building structure with an adjustable attachment or mounted on supports (subframe), which in turn, are attached to the building structure by adjustable attachments. Exterior face of panels form the face of the building; interior face may or may not form the interior finish.
Panel curtain walls
Transparent glass and frame incorporated in panel curtain wall.
Window type panel
Panel made up of one material.
Skin type panel.
Panel made up of assembly of several materials.
Sandwich type panel.
Sandwich panel with top and bottom edges closed.
Open Sandwich type
Sandwich panel in which all edges of panel are closed except for weep holes and vents.
Closed Sandwich type
Preassembly of several panels of any type. Units may be one or several stories high.
Wall Units
Refers to the method of installation where the mullions and horizontal rails (gutter section and window sill section) are installed first before installation of the window and wall panels.
Stick type
Supports (mullions) are clearly expressed. Vertical lines dominant. Mullions are generally 4’ – 4” max.; height, 8’ – 0” maximum.
Unit and Mullion type.
Supports (vertical and horizontal members) clearly expressed. Vertical and horizontal lines equally dominant. Area between support members, 32 sq. ft. maximum. Width of panels, 4’ – 4” max.; height, 8’ – 0” max.
Grid type (or Unit type).
Supports not expressed. Non-lineal pattern. Joints vertical and horizontal usually without trim. Individual panel size: max. width, 3’ – 10”; max. height, 8’ – 0”.
Panel type (or sheathed type).
Supports are not a primary element of expression in this type of wall. Horizontal lines are dominant and the length of spandrel unlimited. Width of interlocking panels is 4’ – 4” maximum; height is 8’ – 0” maximum.
Spandrel type (column cover and spandrel system).
Supports not expressed. Non-lineal pattern. Joints vertical. Panel size: width, approx. 4’; height, 60’ max.
Sheathed type (Industrial).
a wall whose purpose is to resist the thrust of a bank of earth or other material. It is differentiated from breast walls which is similar to the retaining wall, in that in the retaining the earth or other filling is deposited behind it after it is built, while the breast wall (or face wall) is built to prevent the fall of earth which is in its undisturbed, natural position, but from which part has been excavated, leaving a vertical or inclined face.
retaining wall
This is a type of wall which is constructed of such proportions that its weight alone resists the thrust of the earth. Low walls are invariably gravity walls constructed of brick, stone masonry or concrete.
Gravity wall.
is constructed of reinforced concrete and makes use of the weight of the earth in resisting the tendency to overturn at the outer edge. The vertical wall, supported on a horizontal base, serves as a cantilever beam in resisting the earth pressure. Walls of intermediate height are generally of the cantilever type.
Cantilever wall.
It is similar to the cantilever wall with the exception that the vertical wall is tied to the base at regular intervals with triangular-shaped walls called counterforts ( a counterfort is similar to a buttress, but where a buttress is placed on the side of the wall opposite the pressure acting on it, a counterfort is placed on the same side of the wall ). It is usually more economical to use the counterfort wall for heights of 20 ft. or over.
Counterfort wall
