MODULE 4

Question 1

are exterior non-load bearing walls whose outer surface may or may not form the exterior facing of the building and whose interior surface may or may not form the interior finish. It may rest on the building structure or may be hung from the structure.

Answer 1

Panel walls

Question 2

are exterior non-load bearing walls whose outer surface may form exterior building face or it may be used back of panel curtain wall as back-up

Answer 2

Masonry panel walls

Question 3

The two types of masonry panel walls are:

Answer 3

the stone masonry panel and the pre-cast masonry panel wall units.

Question 4

are natural or artificial stone slabs which are anchored to the building structure by masonry anchors.

Answer 4

Stone masonry panels

Question 5

are ordinary reinforced or prestressed concrete wall units which may span one floor or several floors.

Answer 5

Pre-cast masonry panel wall units

Question 6

are exterior non-load bearing walls made up of panels attached directly to the building structure with an adjustable attachment or mounted on supports (subframe), which in turn, are attached to the building structure by adjustable attachments. Exterior face of panels form the face of the building; interior face may or may not form the interior finish.

Answer 6

Panel curtain walls

Question 7

Transparent glass and frame incorporated in panel curtain wall.

Answer 7

Window type panel

Question 8

Panel made up of one material.

Answer 8

Skin type panel.

Question 9

Panel made up of assembly of several materials.

Answer 9

Sandwich type panel.

Question 10

Sandwich panel with top and bottom edges closed.

Answer 10

Open Sandwich type

Question 11

Sandwich panel in which all edges of panel are closed except for weep holes and vents.

Answer 11

Closed Sandwich type

Question 12

Preassembly of several panels of any type. Units may be one or several stories high.

Answer 12

Wall Units

Question 13

Refers to the method of installation where the mullions and horizontal rails (gutter section and window sill section) are installed first before installation of the window and wall panels.

Answer 13

Stick type

Question 14

Supports (mullions) are clearly expressed. Vertical lines dominant. Mullions are generally 4’ – 4” max.; height, 8’ – 0” maximum.

Answer 14

Unit and Mullion type.

Question 15

Supports (vertical and horizontal members) clearly expressed. Vertical and horizontal lines equally dominant. Area between support members, 32 sq. ft. maximum. Width of panels, 4’ – 4” max.; height, 8’ – 0” max.

Answer 15

Grid type (or Unit type).

Question 16

Supports not expressed. Non-lineal pattern. Joints vertical and horizontal usually without trim. Individual panel size: max. width, 3’ – 10”; max. height, 8’ – 0”.

Answer 16

Panel type (or sheathed type).

Question 17

Supports are not a primary element of expression in this type of wall. Horizontal lines are dominant and the length of spandrel unlimited. Width of interlocking panels is 4’ – 4” maximum; height is 8’ – 0” maximum.

Answer 17

Spandrel type (column cover and spandrel system).

Question 18

Supports not expressed. Non-lineal pattern. Joints vertical. Panel size: width, approx. 4’; height, 60’ max.

Answer 18

Sheathed type (Industrial).

Question 19

a wall whose purpose is to resist the thrust of a bank of earth or other material. It is differentiated from breast walls which is similar to the retaining wall, in that in the retaining the earth or other filling is deposited behind it after it is built, while the breast wall (or face wall) is built to prevent the fall of earth which is in its undisturbed, natural position, but from which part has been excavated, leaving a vertical or inclined face.

Answer 19

retaining wall

Question 20

This is a type of wall which is constructed of such proportions that its weight alone resists the thrust of the earth. Low walls are invariably gravity walls constructed of brick, stone masonry or concrete.

Answer 20

Gravity wall.

Question 21

is constructed of reinforced concrete and makes use of the weight of the earth in resisting the tendency to overturn at the outer edge. The vertical wall, supported on a horizontal base, serves as a cantilever beam in resisting the earth pressure. Walls of intermediate height are generally of the cantilever type.

Answer 21

Cantilever wall.

Question 22

It is similar to the cantilever wall with the exception that the vertical wall is tied to the base at regular intervals with triangular-shaped walls called counterforts ( a counterfort is similar to a buttress, but where a buttress is placed on the side of the wall opposite the pressure acting on it, a counterfort is placed on the same side of the wall ). It is usually more economical to use the counterfort wall for heights of 20 ft. or over.

Answer 22

Counterfort wall