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Biodiversity > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name three (3) ways that animals differ from plants and fungi

A
  • Modes of Nutrition
  • Complex cell structure and specialization
  • Modes of reproduction and development
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2
Q

What are sets of morphological and developmental traits integrated into the functioning, living animal

A

Animal Body Plan

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3
Q

1) top side of radial symmetry
2) bottom side of radial symmetry

A

1) oral
2) aboral

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4
Q

1) top side of bilateral symmetry
2) bottom side of bilateral symmetry
3) front side of bilateral symmetry
4) back side of bilateral symmetry

A

1) dorsal
2) ventral
3) anterior
4) posterior

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5
Q

Centralisation of the nervous system at the anterior end

A

Cephalisation

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6
Q

This germ layer covers the surface of the embryo, giving rise to the outer
covering of the animal and, in some
cases, the CNS

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

This germ layer is the innermost one and lines the archenteron, giving rise to the lining of the digestive tract and other internal organs

A

Endoderm

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8
Q

This germ layer is sandwiched between the ectoderm and endoderm, and forms the muscles and most other organs

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

This is a further classification for triploblastic organisms that is seen in many of them

A

Body Cavities

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10
Q

These organisms have a true coelom, a body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm.

A

Coelomates

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11
Q

These organisms have a body cavity lined in part by tissue derived from mesoderm, but also by tissue derived from endoderm

A

Pseudocoelomates

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12
Q

These organisms lack a body cavity between the digestive cavity and the outer body wall

A

Acoelomates

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13
Q

True or False? Not all animals share a common ancestor

A

False

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14
Q

What is a clade of animals with true tissues

A

Eumetazoa

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15
Q

What clade do most animal phyla belong to?

A

Bilateria

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16
Q

Name a phyla that belongs to clade
Deuterostomia

A

Chordates

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17
Q

Name some Animal Developmental Modes

A
  • Cleavage
  • Coelom formation
  • Fate of the blastopore
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18
Q

True or False? Are all animals multicellular?

A

True

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19
Q

What type of cells are animal cells? Hint: They lack walls

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

True or False? Animals can produce their own food

A

False

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21
Q

True or False? Animals can actively move

A

True

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22
Q

These are simple, asymmetric, sessile animals, and they are parazoans that form colonial bodies

A

Sponges

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23
Q

What phylum are sponges classified as?

A

Porifera

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24
Q

Name 3 cell types

A
  • Choanocytes
  • Pinacocytes
  • Archaeocytes
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25
Q

What substance can the cells produce?

A

Spicules

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26
Q

Which cells are located outside the sponges, and are harder and rigid due to spicules?

A

Pinacocytes

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27
Q

Which cells are found in the innermost parts of sponges, and are used for reproduction?

A

Archaeocytes

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28
Q

Identify the following body form:
- has an osculum and incurrent pore
- vase-like structure
- water passes through choanocytes, then exits through main pore osculum

A

Asconoid

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29
Q

Identify the following body form:
- has an osculum and incurrent canal
- more folding
- water passes through a much larger area, mainly for nutrient filtering
- increases protein synthesis and the likes

A

Syconoid

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30
Q

Identify the following body form:
- has multiple osculum, incurrent canal, and excurrent canal
- highest level of folding

A

Leuconoid

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31
Q

What is an asexual reproduction process of sponges?

A

Budding or fragmentation

32
Q

What is a sexual reproduction process of sponges?

A

Hermaphroditism

33
Q

This sponge reproduction is the complete reorganization of the structure and functions of participating cells or bits of tissue

A

Somatic embryogenesis

34
Q
A
  • Somatic embryogenesis
  • External budding
  • Internal budding
  • Sexual reproduction
35
Q

Name all 4 classes that fall under Porifera

A
  • Calcarea (Calcispongiae)
  • Hexactinellida (Hyalospongiae /glass sponges)
  • Demospongiae (Demosponges)
  • Homoscleromorpha
36
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Tend to be small, vase-like

A

Calcerea

37
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Cells connect with each
other through adherens cell
junctions

A

Homoscleromorpha

38
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Spicules are made up of calcium carbonate that fringe (refers to borders/edges) the osculum

A

Calcerea

39
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Siliceous spicules bound together by spongin

A

Demospongiae

40
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Dominant class of sponges

A

Demospongiae

41
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Skeletons made up of siliceous
spicules

A

Hexactinellida

42
Q

Name species from Calcerea

A
  • Clathrina
  • Leucosolenia
43
Q

Identify the sponge class:
Cells are multinucleated

A

Hexactinellida

44
Q

Name species from Hexactinellida

A
  • Euplectella
44
Q

Name species from Homoscleromorpha

A
  • Plaktoris
45
Q

Name species from Demospongiae

A
  • Xestospongia
46
Q

What are the ecological roles of sponges?

A
  • Reef-building competitor
  • Predator-prey relationships
  • Symbiotic relationships
  • Nutrient cycling
47
Q

These line the tentacles, which function in defence and prey capture

These are also highly toxic

A

Cnidocytes

47
Q

This phylum consists of carnivores that use tentacles arranged in a ring around their mouth to capture prey and push food into their gastrovascular cavity

A

Cnidaria

48
Q

These contain a stinging thread that penetrates the body wall of the prey

A

Nematocysts

49
Q

Cnidaria possesses this so that their movements are coordinated through a nerve net

A

Hydrostatic skeleton,

50
Q

What is an asexual reproduction process of Cnidirians?

A

polyp stage

51
Q

What is a sexual reproduction process of Cnidarians?

A

medusa stage

52
Q

Name all 4 classes that fall under Cnidaria

A
  • Hydroza
  • Scyphozoa
  • Cubozoa
  • Anthozoa
53
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Many forms are supported by
skeletons

A

Anthozoa

54
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Most are marine and
colonial in form, alternating
between the polyp and
medusa stages

A

Hydrozoa

55
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Medusa is the
predominant stage in the
life cycle

A

Scyphozoa

55
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Box-shaped medusa stage, and have
complex eyes

A

Cubozoa

55
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Most known jellies are
classified under this

A

Scyphozoa

56
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Vary greatly in size, and can be
solitary or colonial

A

Anthozoa

57
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Base of each tentacle is flattened into a tough blade called pedalium

A

Cubozoa

58
Q

Identify the Cnidarian class:
Equipped with highly toxic cnidocytes

A

Cubozoa

59
Q

Name all 3 subclasses of Anthozoa

A
  • Hexacorilla
  • Ceriantipatharia
  • Octocorallia
60
Q

Identify the subclass:
Contain sea anemones, hard
corals, among others

A

Hexacorilla

61
Q

Identify the subclass:
Hexamerous (of six or
multiples of six), where it
has a simple tubular
tentacles arranged in circlets
on the oral disc

A

Hexacorilla

62
Q

Identify the subclass:
Hexamerous as well

A

Ceriantipatharia

63
Q

Identify the subclass:
Contain sea anemones, hard
corals, among others

A

Octocorallia

64
Q

Identify the subclass:
Octomerous (of eight or
multiples of eight), where it
has pinnate or featherlike
tentacles arranged in
margins on the oral disc

A

Octocorallia

65
Q

Identify the subclass:
Tube-dwelling, largely deep
water

A

Ceriantipatharia

66
Q

What are the ecological roles of Cnidarians?

A
  • Habitat formation
  • Symbiotic relationships
67
Q

Name species from Hydrozoa

A

Obelia, hydras (without an sp.)

68
Q

Name species from Scyphozoa

A

Cassiopeia

69
Q

Name species from Cubozoa

A

Chironex fleckeri

70
Q

Name species from Hexacorilla

A

Heteractis magnifica

71
Q

Names species from Cerantipatharia

A

Cerianthus americanus

72
Q

Name species from Octacorilla

A

Tubipora musica

Biodiversity (2 decks)

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