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Biodiversity > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

This protozoan – a single giant cell – swims by means of the beating cilia that cover its surface.

A

Paramecium

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2
Q

This type of single-celled green algae is found all over the world – in soil, fresh water, oceans, and even in the snow at the top of mountains. The cell makes its food like plants do – via photosynthesis – and it pulls itself through the water using its paired flagella to do the breast stroke.

A

Chlamydomonas

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3
Q

This yeast cell, used in baking bread, reproduces itself by a process called budding.

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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4
Q

This bacterium – a causative agent of stomach uclers – uses a handful of whiplike flagella to propel itself through the stomach lining.

A

Helicobacter pylori

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5
Q

This is the term for maintaining a relatively constant environment

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

These provide the instructions for cell form, function, and complex behaviour

A

Genes

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7
Q

This is what the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell is made up of

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

True or False? Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms with no membrane-bound organelles

A

TRUE

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9
Q

How do prokaryotic cells reproduce and at what speed?

A

Dividing into two; quickly

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10
Q

This what prokaryotic cells lack but eukaryotic cells have

A

Complex compartmentalisation

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11
Q

This refers to how specialized membranes can be found inside prokaryotic cells

A

Structure-Function Arrangement

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12
Q

Name some specialized membranes that can be found in prokaryotic cells

A
  • Respiratory membranes (aerobic prokaryotes)
  • Thylakoid membranes (cynobacteria)
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13
Q

What are the two modes of reproduction for prokaryotic cell

A
  • Binary Fission
  • Genetic recombination
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14
Q

What are some things found only in eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Golgi Complex
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplast
  • Endoplasmic rectum
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15
Q

What are some things found only in plant cells?

A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

What is the most prominent organellethat contains DNA?

A

Nucleus
(it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope)

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19
Q

What generates chemical energy
which fuels the cell,
and is considered the most conspicuous organelles in the cytoplasm

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

Large, green organelles found in the cells of plants and algae

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

This is what the chloroplast carries out

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

Chloroplasts possess internal stacks of membranes that contain this

A

Chlorophyll

23
Q

This is the site where most cell products destined for export are produced

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

24
Q

What are the two types of ER? One is covered with ribosomes and the other lacks ribosomes and produces lipids and steroids

A

(respectively)
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER

25
Q

These are stacks of flattened sacs which modify and package molecules in the
ER that are destined to be secreted or transported

A

Golgi Apparatus

26
Q

These are organelles where
intracellular digestion occurs;
this is also where materials are
constantly being broken down
and remade

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

These are vesicles that
provide a safe environment for
reactions in which hydrogen
peroxide is used to inactivate
toxic molecules

A

Peroxisomes

28
Q

True or False? Protists are organisms that aren’t plants, animals, or fungi

A

True

29
Q

True or False? Protists are purely unicellular

A

False; there are colonial and multi-cellular species

30
Q

What are the different modes of nutrition for protists?

A
  • Heterotrophy
  • Photoautotrophy
  • Mixotrophy
31
Q

What are the 5 supergroups of protists? And where did they arise from?

A
  • Excavata
  • Chromalveolata
  • Rhizaria
  • Archaeplastida
  • Unikonta

They arose from endosymbiosis

32
Q

What separates the different supergroups?

A

Locomotion / mode of movement

33
Q

In Excavata, what is the Mitochondria modified into?

A

Mitosomes or hydrogenosomes

34
Q

What does chromalveolata include?

A
  • Alveolates
  • Stramenopiles
35
Q

These possess membrane-bound sacs, which may help in cell homeostasis

A

Alveolates

36
Q

There are characterized by the hairlike projections on their flagella

A

Stramenopiles

37
Q

What protists’ main mode of locomotion is via one or more flagella

A

Chromalveolata

38
Q

What protists’ main mode of locomotion is via pseudopodia

A

Rhizaria

39
Q

Rhizaria can be split into two, namely:

A
  • Forameniferans (helps make photosynthesis more efficient, since it confines it to one body)
  • Radiolarians
40
Q

What is the 4th protist supergroup

A

Archaeplastida

41
Q

What are the algaes that possess the following:
1) Chlorophyll a and b
2) Chlorophyll a and d

A

1) Green
2) Red

42
Q

What are Green algae cell walls made of

A

Cellulose

43
Q

What do Green algae cell walls do

A

Store photosynthetic products as starch

44
Q

What are Red algae cell walls made of

A

Carrageenan

45
Q

What do Red algae cell walls do

A

Store food as Floridean starch

46
Q

Where is Carrageenan obtained from

A

An edible species of red seaweed

47
Q

The presence of this compound contributes to the creation of jelly-like substances

A

Carrageenan

48
Q

What protists are closely related to fungi and animals

A

Unikonta

Split into:
- Amoebozoans
- Opisthokonts

49
Q

Which Unikonta is more related to fungi

A

Opisthokonts

50
Q

This contains gameds, which are the sex cells of the plants

A

Gametangia

51
Q
A

Biodiversity (2 decks)

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