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Chemistry Module 4 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Atmospheric Pressure is:

A

measurement of the force pushing against objects on Earth from gas particles in the air.

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2
Q

Melting

A

changing solid to a liquid–endothermic

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3
Q

Boiling (evaporation)

A

changing a substance from liquid to gas.–endothermic

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4
Q

sublimation

A

changing from a solid to a gas without passing through liquid phase–endothermic

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5
Q

Condensation

A

changing from gas to either a liquid or a solid–exothermic

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6
Q

Freezing

A

Changing from liquid to solid–exothermic

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7
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

the force of a gas on the surface of a liquid is a sealed container

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8
Q

Surface tension

A

resistance of a liquid to increase it’s surface area

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9
Q

Cohesion

A

tendency of molecules to stick together under tension and act as a combined unit

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10
Q

Solution

A

uniform mixture of 2 or more substances combined in ratio’s.

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11
Q

Solute

A

substance present in the largest amount and acts as the dissolving agent.

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12
Q

Solvent

A

substance dissolved in the solvent and is present in a smaller amount

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13
Q

Solubility

A

measurement of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a specific volume of solvent under given conditions.

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14
Q

Saturated solution

A

solution that has maximum amount of solute dissolved in the given volume of solvent

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15
Q

Unsaturated Solution

A

contains less solute particles than the maximum amount possible in the given volume of solvent

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16
Q

Molarity

A

the number of moles of solute dissolved in a liter of solution

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17
Q

Titration

A

process of measuring the volume of one solution required to react with a measured mass or volume of another substance until the moles are equal.

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18
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution.

19
Q

dilute solution

A

pure water

20
Q

Colloidal dispersion

A

mixtures that are dispersed rather than dissolved

21
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

amount of pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent flow of water through the semipermeable membrane.

22
Q

Colligative property

A

depend only on the number of solute particles in a solution, not on the nature of those solute properties.

23
Q

buffer

A

mixture of substances that resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added to a solution.

24
Q

Amphiprotic

A

substance that can act as either an acid or a base depending on the substance it reacts with

25
Q

Ionization

A

formation of ions when neutral molecules like acids and bases react with water

26
Q

Electrolytes

A

substances that when dissolved in water form ions and conduct an electric current

27
Q

nonelecrolytes

A

substances that do not form ions when dissolved in water and don’t conduct an electric current

28
Q

Conjugate Base

A

substance that remains after an acid has released or transferred the H ion (proton)

29
Q

Conjugate Acid

A

substance that remains after a base has accepted or taken the H ion.

30
Q

Strong electrolytes

A

substances that dissociate or ionize almost 100% when added to water

31
Q

Weak electrolytes

A

substances that dissociate or ionize slightly when added to water;

32
Q

pH Scale

A

simple and convenient method of expressing the H +1 concentration or acidity of a solution.

33
Q

Bronsted-Lowry

A

defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor

34
Q

Lewis theory

A

an electron pair acceptor and a base as an electron pair donor.

35
Q

Gas Pressure

A

the force per unit of area

36
Q

Avagadro’s Law

A

Directly proportional
compares moles of gas present in a container and the volume of the gas.
#of moles increases, the volume will increase.
v1/n1=v2/n2

37
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Indirectly proportional
compares pressure of gas and volume of gas
volume decreases, the pressure of gas will increase
P1 x V1= P2 x V2

38
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Directly Proportional
Compares temperature of a gas and the volume of the gas
V1/T1=V2/T2

39
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

Total pressure of a mixture is the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas.
Ptotal= P1 + P2 + P3….

40
Q

Indicator

A

A chemical that changes colors and is used in titrations to signal when the number of moles of acid is = to the number of moles of base.

41
Q

Phenolphthalein

A

acid=clear base=pink

42
Q

litmus

A

acid=Pink base=Blue

43
Q

The products of a reaction between an acid and a base are:

A

Salt and Water

44
Q

Salt formed by reacting a strong acid with a weak base would tend to form an

A

Acidic Solution

Chemistry Module 4 (2 decks)

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