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Chemistry Module 4 > chemistry final > Flashcards

chemistry final Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Chemistry

A

study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

Define Organic Chemistry

A

study of matter that contains hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

Define Inorganic Chemistry

A

study of matter that does not contain both hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

Define Matter

A

Material with mass and volume
physical state
chemical composition
appearance

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5
Q

Solid

A

Definite volume
Definite shape
particles are very close together

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6
Q

Liquid

A

definite volume
indefinite shape
particles are somewhat close together

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7
Q

Gas

A

Indefinite volume
indefinite shape
particles are far apart

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8
Q

Pure Substance

A

definite, fixed composition; specific and constant physical and chemical properties

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9
Q

Mixture

A

variable composition and properties

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10
Q

Chemical Symbol

A

abbreviations of elements

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11
Q

Chemical formula

A

AKA molecular formula. abbreviation of compounds. 2 different elemental symbols in a specific ratio

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12
Q

Compound

A

must be pure substances; fixed ratios; cannot separate

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13
Q

Mixture

A

not pure substances; variable ratios; can separate

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14
Q

Homogeneous

A

Uniform physical and chemical properties. Looks the same

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15
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Does not have uniform physical and chemical properties. looks different.

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16
Q

Physical properties

A

properties of matter that can be observed or measured without substance undergoing a change in composition. (color, density, solubility)

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17
Q

Chemical Properties

A

observed when substance undergoes a chemical change (flammability, temp change, odor)

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18
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy for later use due to position relative to earth (chemical, nuclear)

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19
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy due to movement or motion (electrical, heat, light)

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20
Q

Quantitative Data

A

anything that can be measured and is described using numbers

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21
Q

Qualitative Data

A

anything that can be described using words (appearance, physical state)

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22
Q

Scientific Notation

A

1 times 10 to the 10th power

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23
Q

Density

A

physical property that is the mass per unit of volume

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24
Q

Law of Definite Composition

A

compounds always contain 2 or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio

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25
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

atoms of 2 or more elements combine in different ratios to produce different compounds

26
Q

Subatomic particles

A

proton: In nucleus–1 amu
neutron: in nucleus–1 amu
electron: outside nucleus– 0 amu

27
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the neutral atom

28
Q

atomic mass

A

sum of protons and neutrons

29
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with a different mass. Same protons, different neutrons

30
Q

wavelength

A

distance between 2 consecutive peaks

31
Q

frequency

A 
how many wave peaks pass a specific point per second
Low energy--long wavelength
                   low frequency
High energy--high wavelength
                   high frequency
32
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons in the outer shell

33
Q

ION

A

when atoms lose or gain electrons from other atoms

34
Q

Cation

A

neutral metal atom gives away an electron to another nonmetal atom
positive charge

35
Q

Anion

A

neutral metal atom takes an electron from another metal

Negative charge

36
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

formed between oppositely charged atoms.

opposites attract

37
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Chemical bonds that form between 2 neutral nonmetal atoms by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.
Share–marriage–covenant–covalent

38
Q

Non polar Bonds

A

electrons are shared equally between 2 non metal atoms

No Problems

39
Q

Polar Bonds

A

electrons are NOT shared equally.

40
Q

Acid

A

substances that release hydrogen ions to a solution of water
ate=ick
ite=ous
hydro=ic

41
Q

Mole

A

quantity of items

6.022 x 10 23

42
Q

molecular mass

A

the mass of one molecule of a compound measured in atomic mass units (amu)

43
Q

percent composition

A

mass percent of each element in a compound

44
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of the elements found in a compound.

45
Q

hydrate

A

a solid compound that has water molecules as part of the crystalline structure

46
Q

reactant

A

substance entering the reaction

47
Q

products

A

substance produced from a reaction

48
Q

catalyst

A

speed up a reaction

49
Q

combination reaction

A

joining several reactants together to form one product

50
Q

decomposition reactions

A

breakdown of a single compound into 2 simpler substances. ONLY ONE REACTANT

51
Q

combination reactions

A

flammable, use hydrocarbon, cellular respiration, glucose+O atp

52
Q

single replacement (displacement) reactions

A

an element that reacts with a compound. metals kick out metals, non metals kick out non metals

53
Q

Double replacement reactions

A

2 compounds that switch similar partners.

54
Q

Neutralization reactions

A

special type of double replacement reaction that involves an acid and a base. produces water and a type of salt

55
Q

Endothermic

A

reactions that absorb heat from surrounding area.

Photosynthesis

56
Q

Exothermic

A

reactions that release heat to the surrounding area. Burning,

57
Q

Stoichiometry

A

study of the quantitative relationships that exist between reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation

58
Q

limiting reactant

A

reactant that limits the amount of product that can be produced because it is used up before the reactants.

59
Q

chemical reaction

A

rate is variable and depends on the frequency of collision between the reacting particles.

60
Q

Le Chatielier’s principle

A

if a stress is applied to a system of reactions at equilibrium, the reactions will respond in such a way as to relieve that stress and restore equillibrium

Chemistry Module 4 (2 decks)

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