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Kas 1 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Two countries considered as rising maritime power in EU during 15th-16th century

A

Spain and Portugal

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2
Q

Also known as Spice Islands

A

Maluku/Moluccas

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3
Q

Treaty that designated the east-west division of Spain and Portugal.

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

(Tortillas have a left half and a right half)

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4
Q

Treaty that assigned Brazil to Portugal by moving the line further west.

A

Treaty of Zaragoza

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5
Q

6 Spanish Expeditions to the Archipelago

A
  1. Magellan-Elcano (1518-1521)
  2. Loaisa (1525)
  3. Cabot (1526)
  4. Saavedra (1527)
  5. Villalobos (1542-1546)
  6. Legazpi (1564)
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6
Q

One of the early Filipinos who resisted the intrusion of the Europeans

A

Lapu-lapu

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7
Q

Battle where Lapu-lapu defeated Magellan

A

Battle of Mactan

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8
Q

Led the expedition back to Spain after Magellan’s death

A

Sebastian El Cano

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9
Q

Who was the first to circumnavigate the globe?

A

Sebastian El Cano

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10
Q

Italian scholar that documented El Cano’s expedition

A

Antonio Pigafetta (First Voyage Around the World)

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11
Q

The only surviving ship in Magellan-Elcano expedition

A

Victoria

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12
Q

Expedition that departed from Mexico in November 1542 and reached Mindanao in 1543.

A

Villalobos Expedition
(Ruy de Villalobos)

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13
Q

Villalobos set a colony in this island and ordered men to plant corns

A

Sarangani Island

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14
Q

Notable contribution of the Villalobos expedition

A

Renaming of Leyte (Tendaya/Kandaya) to Les Phelipinas by Bernardo de la Torre. In honor of Philip II, then crown prince

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15
Q

Who led the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

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16
Q

Legazpi reached Cebu and had entered a blood compact between _________ and _________. What year did this take place?

A

Si Katunaw and Si Gala. 1965.

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17
Q

The first Spanish town in Cebu was named _______.

A

Villa de San Miguel

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18
Q

3 instructions of Philip II to Legazpi

A
  1. to bring back to Mexico samples of Philippine-grown spices
  2. to discover return route to Mexico
  3. to not proceed to Maluku
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19
Q

Who discovered the route that traverses the Pacific Ocean back to Mexico that utilizes the seasonal winds. This route was famously known as?

A

Fr. Andres de Urdaneta.
Urdaneta Passage.

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20
Q

This route was later on used by the ________

A

Galleon ships

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21
Q

Exploratory mission sent by Legazpi towards north in search of a more fertile land was spearheaded by __________.

A

Martin de Goiti.

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22
Q

Year of the arrival of de Goiti to Manila

A

1571

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23
Q

What was the title of ciudad de Manila?

A

La insigne y siempre leal ciudad (“Distinguished and ever loyal city”).

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24
Q

Appointed as first governor general and granted the title “Adelantado de Filipinas”

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

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25
Q

Ruling polities before the establishment of the Spanish city in Manila

A

Rajah Sulayman/Soliman
Lakandula and Matanda of Maynila and Tondo

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26
Q

Battle between Spaniards and the locals of Manila

A

Battle of Bangkusay

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27
Q

6 Spanish Political and Economic Institutions

A
  1. Frailocracia/Soberania Monacal
  2. Reduccion
  3. Encomienda System
  4. Polo y Servicio
  5. Galleon Trade
  6. Plan General Economico
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28
Q

3 aims of Spain in colonizing PH

A

(1) establishment of trading presence in the Far East
(2) evangelization of the Christian faith in Asia
(3) expansion of its imperial rule

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29
Q

The Spaniard employed these strategies which is possible because of the absence of organized power in PH.

A
  1. Divide and rule strategy (divide et empera)
  2. Alliances
  3. Battles
30
Q

Which position ruled the Philippines?

A

Gobernador y capitan–general (governor and capitan general)

31
Q

3 roles of the governor general

A

(1) commander in-chief of the army and navy
(2) president of the Real Audiencia (Supreme Court)
(3) vice-real patron

32
Q

Title at the provincial/local level

A

Alcalde mayor (Provincial governor)

33
Q

Title at the municipal level

A

Gobernadorcillo (little governor)

34
Q

Title at the barrio level

A

Cabeza de barangay

35
Q

T or F: The highest position a Filipino citizen can attain during the time was alcalde mayor.

A

FALSE. Gobernadorcillo.

36
Q

Spanish-based institutions whose main task was to check the exercise of power of the Spanish royal officials in the archipelago from abuses and corruption

A

Residencia and Visita

37
Q

Termed the power dynamics as Frailocracia (friarocracy) and La Soberania Monacal (monastic supremacy)

A

Marcelo H. del Pilar

38
Q

It aimed to regroup the scattered Filipino communities into compact, planned and controlled Spanish cities and towns in the archipelago.

A

Reduccion

39
Q

Aside from regrouping the Filipinos, this was also the aim of Reducccion

A

Evangelizing them to be devoted Christians

40
Q

The plaza complex system was composed of which buildings?

A

Church
School
Government buildings
Hospital
Cemeteries

41
Q

Famous reduccion systems

A

Intramuros in Manila,
Vigan in Ilocos Sur

42
Q

Encomienda came from the Spanish root word __________

A

encomendar (to trust)

43
Q

2 Kinds of Encomienda

A

Royal or crown - lands reserved for crowns
Private - granted to indiv. who were either King’s/Queen’s protege or men who served merit during conquest

44
Q

The encomienda system was abolished little by little and replaced by ____________.

A

alcaldia

45
Q

Encomienda System’s contribution to PH

A

The unjust and unfair conditions had planted the seed of discontent of many Filipinos that will eventually lead to the sporadic uprising across PH.

46
Q

Forced community labor

A

Polo y Servicios

47
Q

Demographic of polistas (drafted laborers)

A

Filipinos or Chinese male mestizos from 16 to 60 yrs old

48
Q

Exemption by payment

A

falla

49
Q

It referred to a mercantilist and exclusivist trading and shipment between Spain and Far East.

A

Galleon trade (Acapulco galleon)

50
Q

Two main ships during the Galleon trade

A

Capitana (flagship)
Almiranta (admiral ship)

51
Q

What was Mexico’s name during the Spanish colonial era in PH

A

Acapulco de Juarez

52
Q

Introduced the general economic plan as solution to address the huge losses from Galleon trade

A

Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas

53
Q

Company that would finance the economic plans and provide projects promoting scientific knowledge and technical skills to the public.

A

Royal Company of the Philippines

(It failed)

54
Q

Term describing that Spanish decents and Christians were considered higher ranks in social hierarchy.

A

Limpieza de sangre (purity of blood)

55
Q

They rose into ranks when converted to Christians

A

Indios

56
Q

What did the Spaniards call the Muslims of Mindanao?

A

Moriscos/Moros

57
Q

Public school attached in Mosque

A

Madrasah

58
Q

Stated that indios in all Spanish dominions were to be taught Spanish

A

Charles V decree of July 17, 1550

59
Q

First college in Philippines

A

Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio

60
Q

UST’s then name

A

Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santissimo Rosario (established 1611, converted to university in 1645)

61
Q

It called for a free, compulsory and public funded primary schools and an establishment of a men’s normal school to prepare educators.

A

Educational Decree of 1863

62
Q

What was Jose Rizal’s criticism on the educational system set by Spaniards?

A

He said that educational authorities could not even provide the simple books on morality, geography and the history of the Philippines “written in the language he speaks”.

63
Q

Battle that ensued in Bantaoy, Ilocos Sur

A

Basi Revolt

64
Q

What was the significance of the Basi Revolt?

A

It was one of the first resistances by the natives caused by the inhumane treatment of Spaniards.

65
Q

Silang Revolt & British Occupation was started by who?

A

Diego Silang

66
Q

When did Silang Revolt & British Occupation start?

A

December 1762

67
Q

The unscrupulous practices of which alcalde mayor instigated the Silang Revolt?

A

Antonio Zabala

68
Q

What happened in May 1763

A

Silang allied with the British through Governor Dawsonne Drake

69
Q

Span of years when British occupied Manila

A

1762 - 1764

70
Q

Who assassinated Diego Silang?

A

Miguel Vicos. He was bribed by the Catholic church

71
Q

Diego Silang’s wife who lead to revolt.

A

Maria Josefa Gabriela de Silang

Kas 1 (3 decks)

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