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Equine > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The small stomach of horse holds only how many gallons?

A

2 to 5 gallons (8–20 L)

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2
Q

The cow’s rumen capacity

A

15 to 30 gallons (57–114 L)

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3
Q

where do horses breakdown its roughage?

A

Cecum

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4
Q

the horse “fermentation vat” that does much the same job as a cow’s rumen

A

horse hindgut

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5
Q

measurement of horse cecum and colon

A

4-foot-long (1 m) cecum
12-foot-long (4 m) colon.

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6
Q

Combined capacity of colon and cecum

A

25 gallons (95 L)

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7
Q

Causes colic in horse

A

Parasite

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8
Q

It has a large population of microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) that ferment the fiber in plant materials.

A

Large intestine

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9
Q

Is dependent on the efficiency of microbial fermentation in the cecum and colon.

A

Fiber digestion

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10
Q

helps regulate the flow of nutrients in the digestive tract and guards against behavioral problems related to boredom.

A

Dietary fiber

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11
Q

provides the horse with carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins and water in sufficient quantities to maintain life and allow it to do work, reproduce or grow depending on the particular demands at the time.

A

Balance ration

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12
Q

The nutrient demands of the horse will depend on such factors:

A

(BCWAAHREM)
1. bodyweight
2. condition
3. work level
4. appetite
5. age
6. health
7. reproductive status
8. environment
9. management

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13
Q

Several methods of determining bodyweight:

A
  1. weighbridge
  2. tape measure and calculator
  3. weigh-tape
  4. table of weights.
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14
Q

Several rules have been developed to ensure good feeding practice:

A

(EFMFFKMF)
1. ensure clean fresh water is always available
2. feed little and often
3. make any changes gradually
4. feed only good-quality dust-free feed
5. feed plenty of plant fiber/forage
6. keep feed utensils clean
7. maintain regular feeding times
8. feed according to work done, condition and temperament.

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15
Q

Traditional diets for horses included what?

A

hay, oats and bran

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16
Q

Factors should be taken into account when deciding on a ration:

A

cost
individual nutrient requirements of the horse
nutrient content of feed
availability
quality

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17
Q

Two main categories feed for horses

A

forage
concentrate

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18
Q

falls in between the forage and concentrate as it contains readily digestible fiber.

.

A

Beef pulp

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19
Q

is the most accurate, but few horse owners have access to this piece of equipment.

A

Weighbridge

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20
Q

An equation has been produced that gives the bodyweight based on the horse’s heart girth and length from point of shoulder to the point of buttock:

A

Bodyweight (kg) = heart girth (cm)2 x length (cm)/8717
or
Bodyweight (lb.) = heart girth (in)2length (in)/241

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21
Q

are also available which use the horse’s heart girth measurement to give an approximate bodyweight. These are quite useful in measuring weight loss and/or gain if used consistently.

A

Weight tapes

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22
Q

two factors must be taken into account to make a successful ration

A

nutrient requirement of the horse
nutrient value of the feed

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23
Q

can be measured in a laboratory using many different analytical procedures.

A

Nutrient value of feed

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24
Q

contains a large proportion of water and therefore has a low dry matter value

A

grass

25
Q

contain little moisture and have a higher dry matter value

A

cereals such as oats and barley

26
Q

provide the energy needed for all cell processes and basic functions such as breathing and the beating of the heart. They also provide energy for muscle contraction.

A

Carbohydrates

27
Q

two group of carbohydrates

A

soluble carbohydrates or non-structural
insoluble carbohydrates or structural

28
Q

starch and sugar is what type od carbohydrates?

A

Soluble or non-structural

29
Q

cellulose and hemicellulose is what type of carbohydrates?

A

Insoluble or structural

30
Q

contains more fiber, which is still an excellent slow-release energy source for horses.

A

Hay

31
Q

are simply metric calories.

A

Joules

32
Q

refers to the amount of energy in the feed, which is actually digested for use by the horse. Some will be wasted.

A

Digestible energy

33
Q

hard-working horses are given high fat rations also Fat has been used for some time to supplement diets of endurance horses with much success. true or false?

A

True

34
Q

contains two and a quarter-times more energy than carbohydrate.

A

Fats

35
Q

is an important structural component of all animal tissues also the greatest in the young horse, as it is still growing.

A

Protein

36
Q

how many amino acids occurs naturally?

A

20 amino acid

37
Q

most important amino acids

A

lysine, methionine and tryptophan

38
Q

is most likely to be deficient in the horse’s diet, particularly when a cereal or ‘straight’ ration is being fed and the horse has limited grazing.

A

Lysine

39
Q

are a group of chemical compounds that are vital for life. They are required in minute quantities
for the normal healthy functioning of the horse.

A

Vitamins

40
Q

two groups of vitamins

A

fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
water soluble vitamins ( B and C complex)

41
Q

vitamins can be stored in the body, particularly the liver.

A

Fat soluble vitamins

42
Q

If too many water -soluble vitamins are fed then toxicity may result TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

43
Q

horses are able to meet their mineral needs by selectively grazing and roaming over huge areas of land with different soil types.

A

FERAL horses

44
Q

vitamins can be made by the microorganisms in the horse’s gut.

A

Water soluble vitamins

45
Q

are inorganic substances found throughout the horse’s body and are essential for health and
development.

.

A

Minerals

46
Q

how many minerals are known to be essential in the horse’s diet?

A

21 minerals

47
Q

Some minerals that are required in larger amounts

A

macro-minerals, or major minerals

48
Q

Minerals those required in concentrations below 50 mg/kg

A

trace elements or trace minerals.

49
Q

Factors affecting the amount of minerals available in grains and forage

A

soil deficiencies
mineral interactions
poor availability

50
Q

should be fed free choice.

A

Salt

51
Q

should be fed free choice, separate from the salt.

.

A

Calcium and phosphorous

52
Q

are common sources of calcium and phosphorus.

A

Ground limestone
Steamed bone meal
Defluorinated phosphate

53
Q

Young horses’ ratio of calcium and phosphorous

A

1.1 parts calcium to 1-part phosphorus

54
Q

Older horses’ ratio of calcium and phosphorus in their diet.

A

6:1 6 parts calcium to 1-part phosphorus

55
Q

How many gallons do horses drink every day?

A

10 to 12 gallons (37.8 to 45.4 liters)

56
Q

Water is required for many different life functions such as:

.

A

-temperature regulation
• medium in which chemical reactions can take place
• solvent in which substances may be dissolved and transported
• gives cells their shape
• excretion in the form of urine
• milk.

57
Q

the main criterion is the size of the animal: bigger animals needs more food.

A

To feed for maintenance

58
Q

The main criterion is the amount of production required

A

to feed for production

59
Q

Production rations are mostly based on what?

A

cereals or high digestible fiber and oil.

Equine (5 decks)

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