Module 1-The horse Flashcards
The horse evolve from tiny four-toed ancestor called what? It was about a foot high and lived in swamps about 58 millions ago.
Eohippus
Eohippus was native to what continent?
North America
For many years it is used as a main draft animal of the colonists
Oxen
Horse racing also developed into sport during what year?
1700s and 1800s
What is the horse main instinct?
To survive and reproduce to ensure continuation of the species.
When threatened what is the natural reaction of the horse?
Run away ( flight rather than fight)
What will happen to a horse if it has a good stable management
Result in more contented, less stressed horses that are more able to cope with the demands of pleasure, performance and competition.
Horses are most relaxed in what kind of environment?
Wide open spaces within a herd environment as this provides safety and allows them to indulge in social behavior such as grooming
Three main type of horse enterprise
Breeding
Training
Boarding stable
Are required for success in horse enterprises
Good management skills
high level of capacity investment
Well-trained-workers
It required a lot of labor in managing horses
Breeding, feeding, caring and training
Feed and care for horses that are owned by people who do not have facilities for keeping horses
Boarding Stable
Farms that breed mares and sell the offspring
Horse breeding farms
The inventory defines equine as including what ?
Horses
ponies
Mules
Burros
Donkeys
Estimated total horse population in the united states
9.2 million
Most popular horses breed in the united states
Quarter horse
Thoroughbred
Paint
Appaloosa
Arabian
The most popular breed of horses in the world
Thoroughbred
Quarter horse
Arabian
Appaloosa
Is a major spectator sport and horse shows and rodeos draw large numbers of participants and spectators each year
Horse racing
Benefits of horses
Contribute to economic growth of the nation
Provide people with an opportunity for physical exercise.
Are used mainly for riding, driving, and racing
Light horses
Measurement of of light horses
At the withers - 14-2 to 17 hands
A hand- 4 inches (10.2 cm)
A measurement of 14-2 hands is how many inches ?
58 inches (147.3cm)
Light horses weight
900-1,400 pounds
It measures under 14-2 hands and weight form 300-900 pounds (136-408 kg). Used mainly for riding ang driving
Ponies
This breed of horse has very distinct characteristics that set them apart form other horse breeds. Is not typically horsehair but closely resembles mohair. They are intelligent and versatile.
American Bashkir Curly
It is a color breed that may be have the type of any of the breeds. Used for pleasure, riding, exhibition, and stock horses.
American Creme
Originated in sweden. The breed is small, ranging from 11 to 13 hands. Some have leopard or blanket marking. We’re also the first imported into the UNITED STATES.
Used for harness racing and pleasure horses
American Gotland
Is a descendants horses brought to the American by the Spanish. They are used for show and pleasure riding, jumping, endurance trail riding, and stock horses.
American Mustang
Both refers to spotted or two-tone horses with white and another color for body markings.
Paint and Pinto
Was popular with the plains Indian and early American cowboys. Used for pleasure, show, racing, stock purposes.
American Paint
Three different color pattern of Paint Horses
Tobiano
Tovero
Overo
Head is mark the same way as that of solid-colored horse . The legs are white, at least bellow the knees and hocks, and there are regular spots on the body.
Tobiano
Has dark pigmentation around the ears, which may expand to cover the forehead and/or eyes.
One or both eyes are blue. Chest and flank spots vary in size and may accompany smaller spots, which extend forward across the barrel and up over the loin
Tovero
Has variable of color head marking. The white usually does not cross the back between the withers and the tail. One more legs are dark colored. The body markings are irregular and scattered.
Overo
Originated in Kentucky. It may be bay, chestnut, black or gray. This breed of horse may be three or five gaited.
American Saddlebred horse
The color of this breed is snow white with pink skin and dark eyes.
American White
Originated in Spain. This breed is used for pleasure, riding, jumping, exhibition and bull fighting.
Andalusian
This breed are white over the hips and loins with dark, round or egg-shaped spots. Occasionally, the entire body is Mott led with spots.
The eyes is encircled with white. The hoofs are vertically striped with black and white
Appaloosa
Developed a selective breeding program using these spotted horses.
Nez Perce Indian Tribe
These ponies registered show the traits of the Appaloosa, but do not meet the height requirements for horses.
Appaloosa Ponies
It is small to medium in size ranging from 850 to 1,100 pounds. Used for pleasure riding, racing, show, and as a stock horse.
Arabian
The color of this breed dun, red dun or grulla.
Buckskin
It is larger than many of other light horse breeds, weighing from 1,150 to 1,400 pounds.
Used mainly as general utility horse
Cleveland Bay
Originated in Ireland was the first imported into the US. used for jumping and for pleasure riding.
Connemara pony
Originated in Spain, it is a small breed ranging from 12-13-2 hands high. Used mainly for pleasure riding.
Galiceno
Originated in England, varies in size from 12 to 16 hands and 800-1,200 pounds. White markings are common. Used mainly as a harness or carriage horse.
Hackney
Originated in Ozark Hills region of Missouri. Most common color is sorrel commonly with white markings. However all color can be found in this breed
Missouri Fox Trotting Horse
Is a distinguishing trait
Fox-trot gait
Cross between Morgan and Arab. May be in any color but without spots in the body.
Morab
This breed is descended from a stallion name Justin Morgan.
Morgan
This breed carries bloodlines of Morocco barb, hackney, french coach horse and saddle horse breeding.
Is a color breed, with several breed types of light horses being recognized as eligible for registry.
Morocco Spotted horse
The color of this breed is golden. It may be three shades lighter or darker than the color of a newly minted gold coin.
Does not breed true in crosses
Palomino
palominos and pintos appears occasionally in this breed.
This breed gait is four-beat, which the leg on the same side moving together, the hind foot striking the ground an instant before the front foot
Paso Fino
This breed of horse is noted for the paso ilano and sobreandando gaits.
Peruvian Paso
Is an equally spaced, four-beat gait. The feet strike in following order:
1. Left hind foot
2. Left front foot
3. Right hind foot
4. Right front foot
Paso Ilano
This gait is usually faster and slightly more lateral than paso Ilano.
The feet strike the ground in the same order as paso Ilano, but the left hind-left foot strikes closer together and the right hind-right front strike closer together.
Sobreandando gait
This breed color patterns are tobiano and overo.
Pinto
Pattern usually have color on the head, chest, flank, and some in the tail. The legs are white.
Tobiano
Pattern usually has jagged-edged, white markings on the midsection of the body and neck area. The legs are usually color than white.
Overo
Only four-square inches of white in the qualifying zone is required for what?
Horses
Three square inches are required for what?
Ponies
Two squared inches are required for what?
Miniature
Four type of pinto horses
Stock
Pleasure
Hunter
Saddle
Six color pattern that are recognized in Pony Of the America
Snowflakes
Frost
Blanket
Leopard
White with black spots on hindquarters
Red,Blue and Marbleized Roans
Are mottled it partly-colored skin, white sclera, and striped hooves. The breed range in size from 11-2 to 14 hands.
Pony of the Americas
Horses were breed that could run short distances but faster than other breeds
Quarter horse
Was widely used during the westward expansion of the pioneers and on the western ranches.
Quarter horse
originated in the United States. It is small to medium in size. Average height is 15 hands and average weight is 1,000 pounds.
The color of the breed include black, white, gray, chestnut, bay, brown, sorrel, roan and yellow
Racking horse
Originated in turkey
These stallion is crossed on Mustang mares. This is also known as Colorado Ranger
Ranger Horse
May be any horse color. Both broken and solid color pattern exist. Use as pleasure riding by children.
Shetland Pony
Two size classification of Shetland Pony
less than 10-3 hands
10-3 to 11-1 hands
Small horse standing 13-3 to 14-1 hands high, and weighing between 800 and 975 pounds
Spanish barb
May have any of the horse color, with either solid or broken color pattern.
Small, standing 13-14-2 hands.
Spanish Mustang
Was developed as a harness racing horse. Both trotters and pacers have been developed.
Standardbred
The feet and legs often have white markings. The breed is noted for it’s running walk gait
Tennessee walking horse
Used in crossbreeding program. Registered with jockey club
Thoroughbred
Little larger than Shetland Pony, but smaller than the light horse breeds. Specially used as a riding horse for children
Welsh Pony
It is a cross between the Welsh Pony and Tennessee Walking horse. The pony must be able to do the running walk gait.
Walking Pony
Horses that are larger, heavier and more muscular than the light horse breeds.
We’re selected and bred for the ability to pull heavy loads
Draft Horses
Are the largest of the draft horse breeds
Shire
Are the smallest draft horse
The only color of this breed is chestnut
Suffolk
Common name of donkey. Smaller than hors, has longer ears, and a short, erect mane.
Ass
Gestation period of Donkeys
1 month longer than of the light horse
When a jack is crossed on a mare the offspring is what?
Mule
When stallion is crossed with on a Jennet the resulting offspring is what?
It is smaller than size of mule
hinny
Are usually sterile that is will not reproduce
Mules
Used mainly as work animals
Ass and mules
Are used as children pets
Miniature
