module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what does prognosis mean

A

the progress of predicting the future about a patient condition

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2
Q

why is an accurate prognosis important

A

improved pt edu

helps in developing a plan of care

helps to promote the appropriate allocation of resources

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3
Q

what is a primary prevention stratagie

A

direct pt care towards preventing a new condition

based on known risk factors

EX: pt with sedentary lifestyle is at risk for developing CVD or obesity

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4
Q

what are 2ndary prevention stratagies

A

direct pt towards preventing 2nd and tert conditions in pt

EX: prevent chronic back pain to prevent further disability

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5
Q

what does prognosis do for PT practice

A

risk of adverse future events

patient expected health status over time

likely response to intervention

duration of treatment needed

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6
Q

what are prognostic risk factors

A

unique characteristics that predict an outcome or an adverse event

medical or behavioral comoribities

demographics

clinical characteristics

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7
Q

PICOT - I

A

exposure

EX: smoking, inactivity

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8
Q

PICOT - C

A

non-exposure

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9
Q

PICOT - O

A

presence or absence of an adverse event

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10
Q

what is the ideal study for a prognostic study

A

prospective cohort

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11
Q

weaker designs of a prognostic study

A

case control study

retrospective

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12
Q

what is the defintion of a homo clinical population

A

ID as a defined and common time point during the course of the disease

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13
Q

how does the prospective study work for prognostic

A

group of individuals free of outcome of interest

homo groups - one exposed to the risk the others not exposed

follow these groups over time to see if they develop the outcome of interest

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14
Q

what can be ascertained with a prospective study design

A

temporal relationship between the risk and the outcome of interest

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15
Q

retrospective cohort design

A

like a prospective but all of the events have occurred in the past

normally using data based or public service databases

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16
Q

what are the two types of cohort studies

A

prospective and retro

17
Q

what are thee advantages of a cohort studies

A

ethically safe

can establish the timing of events

assement of exposure are more accurate - pro

less cost and easier to administer then a RCT

18
Q

what are thee disadvantages of a cohort studies

A

exposure may be linked to a hidden cofounder

blinding is hard

for rare disease - long follow up and large n is needed

can still be lengthy and costly what

19
Q

case control studies and prognosis

A

ID people with the outcome of interest and those without the outcome of interest

look retro for difference between the two groups

excess the odds of being exposed

20
Q

advantages of case control studies

A

groups for comparison

ideal for rare disease

can look a multiple exposure variables at once

cheap and quick

21
Q

disadvantages of case control studies

A

potential for selection and info bias

cannot measure the incidence or the prevalence

restricted to studying the outcome of interest

22
Q

hierarchy of evidence for prognosis studies

A
  1. systematic review and meta
  2. inception cohort
  3. cohort study
  4. case-control
  5. mechanism based reading
23
Q

what is the STROBE statement

A

like the STRAND (diagnostic) but for prognostic studies

check list of items that should be included in reports

24
Q

when does the group of particpants have to be assembled

A

at a similar disease point or onset of disease

25
what is an inception cohort
this is the more ideal enrolling patients from the time the disease first manifest itself
26
what must be true of cohort study groups
they must be fairly homo to reduce confounding