module 3

Question 1

what is a clinical prediction rule

Answer 1

a tool that contains the best combo if individual components of history, physical examination, and or lab test that can help a clinicion make a diagnosis and prognosis or select a approciate treatment

Question 2

what do CPRs do

Answer 2

help a clinician make a diagnosis and prognosis or select an appropriate treatment

Question 3

what is a diagnostic CPR

Answer 3

ID patient with a disorder

Question 4

example of a diagnostic CPR

Answer 4

Ottawa ankle rules

Question 5

treatment classification CPR

Answer 5

ID pt that would respond most favorable to a treatment

EX: lumbar spine manipulations

Question 6

what are the steps n developing a CPR

Answer 6

1. derivation
2. validation
3. impact analysis

Question 7

what is derivation

Answer 7

ID predictors and create a rule

Question 8

what is Validation

Answer 8

apply the rule in seperate independent samples

Question 9

what is the impact analysis

Answer 9

assess how the rule impacts clinical outcomes and behavior

and or reduce costs

Question 10

what is a narrow validation

Answer 10

application of the rule in a smilar clinical setting and population as the derivation stage

Question 11

what is a broad valdiation

Answer 11

application of the rule in multiple clincial settings with varying prevelence and outcomes of the disease

Question 12

approiate study designs for CPRs - prospective cohort studies

Answer 12

diagnostic/prognostic CPRs

treatment based CPRs in the derivation stage

Question 13

what kind of study is also appropiate for diagnostic CPRs

Answer 13

cross sectional studies

Question 14

approiate study designs for CPRs - RCT

Answer 14

treatment based CPR in the validation stage

Question 15

what does operationally defined mean - target population

Answer 15

clearly articulated the inclusion and exclusion criteria

Question 16

what can you assume if if a CPR survies validations

Answer 16

CPR is valid in predicting the outcome of interest

impact of the CRP clinician decision making

Question 17

how to choose predictor factors for a CPR

Answer 17

ID varible that predict and outcome by itself

ID a verible that when grouped with other outcomes increases the likelihood of the outcome together

Question 18

what do you use to see if predictor values work well together

Answer 18

multivariable regression analysis

Question 19

how do you know if the sample size was large enough

Answer 19

look for the sample size and or power in the discussion of the paper

Question 20

how should the outcome of interest be applied for CPRs

Answer 20

the tester should be trained on how to preform it

have objective criteria on positive and negative results

Question 21

what is attrition

Answer 21

the loss of study units from a sample.

when a study loses a subject and they are therefore not included in the analysis

Question 22

what level of attriction do you start to question the studies valdity

Answer 22

> 20%

Question 23

in the valdiation stage what must the prediction rule be compared to

Answer 23

an established criterion (gold standard) or outcome of interest

Question 24

during the validation stage what must be true of the subjects

Answer 24

must be a second in-pendent group of subjects

Question 25

what is the relationship between the criterion and the CPR

Answer 25

they must be perform independently

Question 26

what cuase a study to fail the validation stage

Answer 26

the rule was inadquatly developed

drastic difference in development population and validation pop

bad sample size or power to detect effects

Question 27

what stage are most CPR for PT

Answer 27

derivation stage

many fail the validation stage

almost none have undergone a impact anaylsis