Module 4 Flashcards
What are the 2 kinds of reports?
- Formal report
- Informal report
Complex account that uses formal and structured language
Formal Report
Usually applied in major projects and organizations
Formal Report
Formal reports can be what?
- informational
- analytical
- recommendatory
Presents information, results, or updates
Informal Report
Examples of informal report
Attendance report, financial report, progress report, sales report
Presents, analzyzes, and draws conclusions
Analytical report
Examples of analytical report
Scientific report, employee appraisal
Presents recommendations based on result and conclusions
Recommendatory report
Communicates information using free-flowing, casual and short formats about routines or everyday business
Informal report
Common medium of reports
- speeches
- televisions
- radios
documents that wish to inform, analyze, or recommend
Report
to keep an updated account of an event/situation/organization
Report
Reports can be expressed through…
written or verbal presentations
3 most common types of reports
- Technical and Business
- Field Reports
- Scientific Reports
disciplines with an applied focus such as Engineering, Information Technology, Commerce, Accounting and Finance
Technical and Business
will set report writing assignments that simulate the process of report writing in industry
Technical and Business
problem or case study
Technical and Business
students research the problem & present the results of the research in a report format
Technical and Business
form of writing technical communication or documentation in science and technology or applied science that helps people understand a product/service
Technical writing
What is the main purpose of technical writing?
to inform and to triggger the person into action
Its purpose may also be to instruct, persuade, but never to entertain
Technical Writing
Language that technical writing is expressed in
Formal standard/academic language
- Uses specialized vocabulary
- Organized in a systematic pattern
- Tone of writing is objective
Technical writing
Common in Law, Industrial Relations, Psychology, Nursing, History, Education
Field Reports
Analyze their observations of phenomena or events in the real world in light of theories studied in the course
Field Reports
What do field reports’ content represent?
They represent the researcher’s interpretation of the meaning found in data
- are assigned with the intention of improving your understanding of key theoretical concepts
- facilitate the development of data
- an opportunity to obtain evidence
Field reports
What do you need to do when writing a field report?
- Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation
- continuously analyze your observations
- keep the report’s aims in mid while you are observing
- consciously observe, record, and alayze what you hear and see in the context of a theoretical framework
4 techniques to record your observations
- note taking
- photography
- video & audio recordings
- illustrations
can help capture an important moment in time as well as document details about the space where your observation takes place
photography
has the positive effect of giving you an unfiltered record of the observation event
video & audio recording
to draw a map of the observation setting or illustrating objects in relation to people’s behavior
Illustrations
use a standard scientific report format describing methods, results, and conclusions to report upon an empirical investigation
scientific reports
purpose of science report
clearly communicate your key message about why your scientific findings are meaningful
three key factors that scope and style of reports depend on
- intended audience
- purpose
- type of info/subject to be communicated (message)
commonly used in the field of hard sciences
Research report
different parts of research report
- introductory phase
- review of literature
- research methodology
- body of the report
- conclusion
- recommendation
contextualizes and sets the tone and direction of research writing
introductory phase
What questions does the introductory phase answer according to Reidman (2001)?
- What was I studying?
- What did we know about this topic before we study?
- And, how did this study advance new knowledge or new ways of understanding?
4 elements that research report starts with according to Silverman (2006).
- title
- abstract
- list of contents
- introduction
- must get the attention of the readers
- catches the reader’s attention while properly informing them about the main focus on your research
Research title
Identify which is the stimulating and descriptive title.
- Have you ever experienced being bullied?
- A study on the perception of the victims of bullying in the primary schools
Stimulating title: Have you ever experienced being bullied?
Descriptive title: A study on the perception of the victims of bullying in the primary schools
- provides the readers with a snap view of what you will expect from it
- gives a synopsis of the objectives and results of the report to be described in detailed form in the body of the report
Research abstract
what should an abstract contain?
- research problem
- significance and value of the problem
- data and methods utilized
- main findings
- implication in the lught of other research
most common world limit of research abstract
100
guides the readers to find their way through the different parts of the report
list of contents
aquaints the readers with the what, why, and how of the report
introduction
- provides study background and environment
- locate the study in its area of discipline and reveal its relevance and significance in the environment
Review of Related Literature (RRL)
a research report must contain a description of the research strategy. the readers will be interested in find
rethord methodology
writing about the data collected
writing your data
2 important areas of consideration in the writing up of the data
- data analysis
- data presentation
how to assist researcher in data analysis
- sorting information into categories
- formatting the information into a story or picture
- actual data analysis and write up
- inferences, deductions, abstraction, implications, interpretations, general statements, and/or generalizations based on findings
- answers the specific questions identified at the introductory phase of the research
writing the conclusion
