Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N322: Client System of Nursing > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Ecological Model?

A

-a model that looks at the individual, social, and physical environmental factors that influence a person’s health promoting behaviors, or lack thereof

-many levels of influence, or social environments, enhance or deter behavior

  • health behaviors may be chosen because there is influence outside one’s control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is it important to use the ecological model in nursing?

A

We need to look at the changeable health behavior influences and the ones that we need to address/circumvent since they cannot be directly changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the basic assumption of the Ecological model?

A
  • Changes in the social environment will produce changes in individuals, and support of the individual in the population is essential for implementing environmental change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ecological model eliminates…

A

Victim Blaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Victim Blaming

A

Viewing ill health as personal failure of the person

This is eliminated in the ecological model by looking at the many influences that determine health outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 Key Factors that Impact our Health Behaviors in the Ecological model

A
  1. Intrapersonal Factors
  2. Interpersonal Factors
  3. Organizational/Institutional Factors
  4. Community Factors
  5. Public Policy Factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intrapersonal Level Factors of the Ecological Model

A
  • individual factors that can be changeable or unchangeable (ex: nutrition choices versus genetic makeup/gender)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nursing interventions at the intrapersonal level should be aimed at…

A

changing the individual rather than modifying the social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In intrapersonal interventions we ____ with clients not ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.

A

partner with clients not tell them what to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Targets of Intrapersonal Level Intervention

A
  1. Attitudes
  2. Knowledge
  3. Skills
  4. Intentions to comply with behavioral norms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of Intrapersonal Interventions

A

education

counseling

mass media campaigns or incentives

ex: try to change the attitude of an individual in a maladaptive peer group, not the peer group itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interpersonal Level Factors of the Ecological Model

A

-Factors including the social networks that provide emotional support, information, and access to new social contacts and social roles

ex: Formal social networks, informal ones, social support systems like family/work/friendships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Goal of Interpersonal Interventions are…

A

to change the nature of the existing social realtionship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Targets of interpersonal interventions

A
  1. Change norms of groups
  2. increase accessibility to favorable groups
  3. create alternative networks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Institutional/Organizational Level Factors of the Ecological Model

A

social institutions with organizational characteristics and formal/informal rules and regulations for operations like schools and worksites (institutions we frequently interact with)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Health behaviors are influenced by Institutional/Organizational factors because …

A
  • people spend many hours here church/schools/worksites
  • access to food
  • availability of exercise equipment
  • policies that enhance or inhibit stress management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interventions at the institutional/organizational level are beneficial because…

A
  • it gives access to a large number of people
  • gives social support for behavioral change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interventions at the institutional/organizational level are challenging because…

A

-health of workers may not be part of the mission statement
-employer might not see employee health as the responsibility of the employer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Goals of health promotion at the organizational/institutional levels are aimed at…

A

-changing the corporate culture (make them realize that they can increase profit on insurance payments and have more productive workers for a work setting)

  • including health related norms and values as part of the institution’s mission and philosophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Targets of organizational/institutional interventions?

A
  1. Incentives (ex: work group losing most weight get a day off)
  2. management and supervisor support
  3. changes in rules and regulations
  4. changes in benefits (employer saves money if workforce is healthier)
  5. changes in the structure of work
21
Q

Community level factors of the Ecological Model

A

the relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries, and the power structures in community, community health problems, and allocation of resources

22
Q

Targets of Intervention at the Community Level

A
  • Increase coordination among community organizations
    -coalition building (pull together to meet the needs of the community)
23
Q

Examples of Strategies to Enhance Community Health Promotion

A
  • establish contacts among divergent community networks
  • include representation from disadvantaged population on community boards
    -community organizing strategies
24
Q

Public Policy Level of The Ecological Model

A

-local, state, and national laws and policies

-a major target of the ecological model as it is even more influential in changing behavior than education

-allows for restriction of behavior, behavioral incentives, allocation of program resources

ex: Lowing legal blood alcohol content to .08 for driving

25
Q

Strategies to use Public Policy Intervention?

A

-public advocacy
-encouraging citizen participation in the political process (voting, lobbying)(
-organizing coalitions to support health policy related issues

26
Q

The most effective way to change someones behavior is to…

A

REGULATE IT

27
Q

Social Determinants of health

A

the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, interact, and age in and with

28
Q

What is often used as a measurement/indicator of country health status?

A

Life expectancy and infant mortality

29
Q

WHO published in a 2003 report that health is very sensitive to …

A

social environment (as seen with the drastic inequalities in health from impoverished v wealthy countries)

30
Q

What are the social determinants of health WHO stresses?

A
  1. Living Conditions (Place, housing, employment, healthcare)
  2. Inequitable Distribution of Power and Resources (tax structure, gender, political equity)
31
Q

The USDHHS make HealthyPeople goals aiming to …

A

improve social and physical environments to promote optimal health (for Americans)

32
Q

USDHHS 5 Social Determinants of Health

A
  1. Economic Stability
  2. Education
  3. Health / Health Care
  4. Neighborhood
  5. Social / Community Context

(these are all interconnected)

33
Q

Economic Stability Determinants include…

A
  1. Poverty
  2. Jobs
  3. Food Security
    4.Housing Stability
34
Q

Education Determinants include…

A
  1. HS Graduation
  2. Enrollment in higher education (for U.S.)
  3. Language and Literacy
  4. Early Childhood Education and Development
35
Q

Social and Community Context Determinants include…

A
  1. Social Cohesion (Stuart Rolf Study showed how social cohesion in Rosetto decreased stress and lowered heart disease)
  2. Civic Participation: Voters
  3. Discrimination
  4. Incarceration
36
Q

Health and Health Care Determinants include…

A
  1. Access to Health Care (includes geographically, access to insurance, etc)
  2. Access to Primary Care
  3. Health Literacy
37
Q

Neighborhood and Built Environment Determinants include…

A
  1. Access to quality food
  2. Quality of Housing
  3. Crime and Violence
  4. Environmental Conditions
38
Q

Equality

A

everyone gets same supports regardless of starting point (should just remove cause of inequity/inequality)

39
Q

Equity

A

everyone is given appropriate unequal supports to give everyone the same starting point (should just remove cause of inequity/inequality)

40
Q

Healthy People

A

Federally focused U.S. Base initiative that provides science based 10 year objectives for improving the health of all Americans

  • HP has encouraged collaborations of communities, empowered individuals toward health, and measured impact of prevention activities for over 30 years
41
Q

History of HP2020

A

-started in the 1979 Surgeon generals Report - Health People: The Surgeon Generals Report on health Promotion and Disease Prevention
-HP 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020

42
Q

Jurisdiction of HealthyPeople

43
Q

Evolution of HP goals

A

Increased topics over time and moved from decreasing mortality to having a higher quality long life over time

44
Q

Vision of HP2020

A

A society in which all people live long health lives

45
Q

Determinants of Health According to HP2020

A
  1. Genes and Biology
  2. Health Behaviors
  3. Health Services or Medical Care
  4. Social Environment or Social Characteristics
  5. Policymaking
46
Q

Social Determinants of Health according to HP2020

A

economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities

47
Q

Leading Health Indicators for HP2020

A
  1. Access to health care
  2. Clinical Preventive services
  3. environmental quality
  4. injury and violence
  5. maternal, infant, and child health
  6. mental health
  7. nutrition, physical activity, and obesity
  8. Oral health
  9. Reproductive and sexual health
  10. social determinants
  11. substance abuse
  12. tobacco
48
Q

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

A

17 goals by the UN to aid worldwide health

49
Q

3 Important Things to Remember about SDG

A
  1. Not every country participates in the UN
  2. not every nation has the infrastructure to gather data
  3. data is needed to monitor progress (indicators)

N322: Client System of Nursing (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions