Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is abnormal psychology

A

Study of mental disorders - done by clinicians and researchers

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2
Q

How many elements of abnormal behaviour are there

A

5 - a behaviour needs to meet all 5 to be classed abnormal

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3
Q

What are the 5 elements of abnormal behavior?

A

Infrequency - behaviour must be rare
Deviance - behaviour is different than what is normally expected
Distress - behaviour must cause suffering
Disability - behaviour must cause impairment
Danger - behaviour puts someone in harms way

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4
Q

What is the biological treatment approach

A

Addresses the physical characteristics of mental illness - eg hormone neurotransmitter imbalance. Treatment would be medication or surgery

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5
Q

What is a psychodynamic approach?

A

Focus on root of the problem as it was caused from the past - work to remove hidden blocks

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6
Q

What is a behavioural approach

A

Focus on the present - Uses reinforcement, punishment and exposure to condition behaviour to be better

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7
Q

What is the cognitive approach

A

Focus on how and what we thinking - how it affects real situations

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8
Q

What is a humanistic approach

A

Focus on teaching patient to seek fulfilment

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9
Q

What is an eclectic approach?

A

Taking a range of treatment techniques to find best combo for patient

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10
Q

What is anxiety

A

Apprehension about an anticipated issue

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11
Q

What is fear?

A

Apprehensive response to immediate threat or danger - instinctive

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12
Q

How many components are there for anxiety disorders? What are they?

A

3 - Cognitive/subjective, physiological and behavioural

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13
Q

What are the different anxiety disorders?

A

Phobias - specific, social, orgoraphobia
Panic disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder

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14
Q

Characteristics of generalised anxiety disorder

A

Tendency to be anxious over many situations - difficult to control- creates distress

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15
Q

Characteristics of panic disorder

A

Periods of intense fear when a threat is not present - unexpected - not anxious between attacks

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16
Q

Characteristics of agoraphobia

A

Fear or anxiety of 2 or more - using public transport - open spaces - crowds - leaving home - causes distress

17
Q

Characteristics of social anxiety disorder

A

Fear of situations where person could get negative feedback - worry others will judge them

18
Q

Characteristics of specific phobias

A

Anxiety about a specific thing or situation

19
Q

Characteristics of OCD

A

Obsessions and compulsions
Obsessions - intrusive and recurring thoughts - persistent uncontrollable and irrational - contamination, symmetry and disorder
Compulsions - repetitive excessive behaviours a person is driven to perform to reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts - cleaning, checking

20
Q

What are anxiety disorder treatments

A

Psychological treatments are effective - relaxation - cognitive restructuring - exposure therapy

21
Q

What is a major depressive episode

A

Must have 5 or more related symptoms in a 2 week period - change from previous functioning - 1 of these symptoms must be depressed mood or loss of interest - show significant impairment

22
Q

WHat is a major depressive disoreder

A

At least 1 depressive episode - not common

23
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

Chronic - longer than 2 years - less intense than MDD

24
Q

Factors of depressive disorders

A

Biological, social, psychological

25
Q

Biological factors that cause depression

A

Inherited 40-50%
Neurotransmitters are critical in depressive disorder
Not enough adrenaline can lead to adrenaline
Not enough serotonin and dopamine can lead to depression

26
Q

Social/environmental factors that cause depression?

A

Diathesis stress model - stress reactivity combined with predisposition determines how they percieve a situation as stressful
Stress is perception

27
Q

Psychological factors causing depression

A

cognitive theories - becks theory
Behavioural theories- to cause improvement in depressive disorder - need to change behaviour
Interpersonal theories - deficit in interpersonal functioning increase symptoms
Psychodynamic theories - unconscious conflict increase symptoms

28
Q

What are the 4 phases of becks theory (treatment)

A

Increase activities and elevate mood - increased neurotransmitter flow
Challenge automatic thoughts
Identify negative thinking and biases
Change primary attitudes / schema

29
Q

WHat other treatments are there

A

Drugs - anti depressant meds
Electroconvulsive therapy - effective for severe depression - jolt electricity into brain

30
Q

What is psychosis

A

umbrella term for many psychotic disorders with wide range of symptoms

31
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

severe mental disorder - specific set of symptoms - needs 2 or more symptoms

32
Q

What are the 3 sets of psychotic symptoms

A

positive - excess of normal - hallucinations
negative - absence from normal - lacking energy or motivation
disorganised - strange/disorganised speech or thinking

33
Q

WHat is the schizophrenia criteria

A

must show social or occupational dysfunction and decline - at least 2 symptoms for 6 months

34
Q

What are the different types of positive delusions

A

Persecution - thinking someones after them
Grandeur - someone is conspiring against them
Reference - something is sending messages
Erotomania - belief someone is in love with you
Somatic - something wrong with body
Nihilistic - world is coming to an end

35
Q

Different types of positive hallucinations

A

Auditory - voices that speak - not conversations
Visual
Olfactory - strange smells
Gustatory - tastes
Tactile - bodily sensations

36
Q

Disorganised symptoms

A

Loose association - series of ideas with no logical connections
neologisms - make up words
clang association - make each sentence rhyme
Echolalia - repeats what people say to them
Echopraxia - mimics others behaviour
Word salad - incoherent speech

37
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Affective flattening - shallow emotions - doesnt express emotions
Alogia - not much speech
Thought blocking - person begins to speak then forgets what gonna say
Avolition - lack of energy
Anhedonia - cant experience pleasure

38
Q

What is the general order of symptoms

A

Usually starts with negative then disorganised then positive