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Public Health Exam 2 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

research

A

a scientific method by which data is systemically collected to describe, explain, and/or predict events

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2
Q

evidence based practice

A

the conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence to guide health care decisions

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3
Q

epidemiology

A

foundation of evidence based practice in public health and public health nursing- the study of people essentially
study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations

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4
Q

distribuiton

A

occurrence of cases person, place and time

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5
Q

determinants

A

risk factors
the occurrence of a disease or health-event which maybe physical, behavioral, biological, social, or culture

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6
Q

health related states

A

diagnosis of a disease, cause of death, health behavior (smoking, exercise, seat belt use)

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7
Q

specified population

A

a group that can be measured and is defined by demographics, geographical location, time period
time bound: over 10 years, one month, etc.

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8
Q

application

A

using data methods to steer public health decisions and community based interventions to control and prevent public health

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9
Q

objectives of epidemiology

A

cause (etiology of disease)
extent of disease in community
study of natural history of disease
evaluate preventative and therapeutic measures
provide foundation for public policy with regard to disease prevention and health promotion

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10
Q

methods used in epidemiology

A

surveillance
study design
descriptive epidemiology
analytic epidemiology

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11
Q

surveillance

A

gathering of data for disease, events, and environmental hazards

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12
Q

study design

A

ecological- looks at the country level data- not individual by person but by like # of people who died by suicide in a country
cohort- looks at groups of people ( total # of heart surgeries at UK from 2010-2015
case control- looks at cases of disease (total # of covid + at baptist health) case= have the diagnosis (COVID), control- comparison so people who are hospitalized that dont have it)
cross sectional

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13
Q

descriptive epidemiology

A

purpose is to describe who, what, when, and where

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14
Q

analytic epidemiology

A

to examine relationships between who, what, where, and when to determine why

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15
Q

epidemiological triangle

A

good for infection diseases NOT chronic
when there is clearly a pathogen or environmental event with a host
Host, agent, environment, time
ranking infection- infectivity(rate of infections), pathogenicity (illness rate/number infected), virulence(severe or fatal cases)

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16
Q

web of causation

A

used to investigate relationships between factors related to who, what, when, where, why
links all the variables that could potentially cause CHRONIC disease
works well when studying CHRONIC disease and mental illness b/c acknowledge of multiple contributors to disease process

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17
Q

routinely collected data

A

data collected on regular basis (vital statistics, US census)
epidemiological data (data collected specifically for epidemiologic persons, surveillance)
data collected for other reasons (physician data, KSAPER, health and insurance records)

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18
Q

measures of risk

A

ratios
proportions
incidence proportion
incidence rate
mortality rate
prevalence rate

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19
Q

ratio

A

magnitude/comparison of qualities or values where the numerator and denominator need not be related
(ex: # of female suicide decedents divided by # of males attempting suicide)
DO NOT need to relate to each other

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20
Q

proportion

A

the comparison of a part to the whole. a type of ratio which the numerator is included in the denominator
(EX: # of male covid deaths divided by # of males covid cases x100= n%)
proportions are answered in percentages

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21
Q

reliability

A

extent a measuring procedure yields consistent results on repeated administrations (students consistently do bad on the second exam, its always been this way)

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22
Q

validity

A

degree measuring a procedure accurately reflects or assess or capture’s the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure
reliable does not equal valid

23
Q

what is a disaster

A

any event that causes a level of destruction, death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond tot he incident using available resources

24
Q

mass casualty

A

100+ people

25
multiple casualty
2-99 people casualties can be injured or dead
26
natural disasters
sudden impact/ acute onset slow or chronic impact
27
human generated
unintentional/intentional biologic nuclear chemical explosive technologic
28
hazard
infectious disease, hurricane, chemical spill
29
vulnerability
dense population, poverty, pre-existing damage
30
capacity
storm-forecasting, emergency response systems disaster impact= hazard + vulnerability- capacity
31
major effects of disasters effects on
populations environment food and water supplies infrastructure psychological, social, and economic stability
32
four phases of disaster managment
prepare prevent respond recover
33
prepare
plan for risk issue timely warning implement protective actions undertake emergency management activities evacuate population pre-disaster as needed
34
prevent
build for risk mitigate risk identify potential hazards identify vulnerabilities strengthen capacity (identify existing strengths, and resources available within community to manage and reduce disaster risk and strengthen resilience
35
respond
insure for risk respond to event establish control of situation by identifying disaster management team lead determine and clearly articulate roles of each team member including your own set up a viable and realistic triage system
36
START triage
simple triage and rapid treatment 1. assess respirations, perfusion, mental status 2. correct life threatening conditions, support airway, control bleeding 3. classify and tag ( green- walkie/talky, yellow, delayed (RPM normal). red-immediate, black, death or impending death
37
decontamination
used in chemical spill to prevent further absorption, prevent from spreading on victims bodies, and prevent spread to others. remove clothes, dispose of contaminated articles wash water
38
individual level quarentine
communicable diseases isolated from other people TB patients in negative pressure rooms
39
population level quarentine
communicable diseases natural disasters 3 levels shelter in place targeted restriction compulsory restriction of all movement and activities
40
recover
recover and improve re-establish health services debrief the populations evaluate disaster response
41
bluegrass army depot
storage of nations chemical weapons stockpile- closing in 2023 store nerve agents and blistering agents
42
nerve agents
readily absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact can cause rapid fatality
43
symptoms and affects of nerve agents
lowered acetylcholinesterase levels rapid onset (nervousness/restlessness, miosis, rhinorrhea, excessive salivation, dyspnea, sweating, bradycardia
44
immediate response to nerve agents
remove victim STAT decontaminate drug therapy
45
drug therapy for nerve agents
atropine sulfate IM or IV for anticholinergic properties atropine eye drops pralidoxime salts IV to restore acetylcholinesterase activity mechanical ventilation PRN diazepam PRN convulsions
46
precautions when decontaminating nerve agents
avoid direct skin contact protective gear, including self contained breathing equipment or gas mask with filter and barrier suit latex gloves WILL NOT protect butyl rubber gloves must be worn DO NOT attempt mouth to mouth without proper shields if breathing has stopped use mechanical ventilation
47
sarin (GB)
organophosphate nerve agent that is a clear, colorless liquids volatile at ambient temps
48
VX
amber colored oily liquid with low volatility unless temperatures are high
49
blister agents
sulfur mustard thick liquid at ambient temperature solid at 58 degrees not likely to change into a gas immediately if it is realized at ordinary temps as a pure liquid it is colorless, odorless, but when mixed with other chemicals is brown and smells like garlic
50
symptoms and side effects of sulfur mustard
inhaled, ocular, dermal contact vesicant causing skin, eye, and respiratory tract injury alkylating agents- can suppress immune system by bone marrow suppression can cause neuro and GI toxicity
51
decontamination of sulfur mustard
only differences from nerve gas is to flush eyes stat for 5-10 min, do not cover eyes with bandages
52
protection from sulfur mustard
direct contact can contaminate SCBA- self contained breathing apparatus to be worn for respiratory protection PPE and butyl rubber chemical protection gloves
53
treatment for sulfur mustard
no antidote decontaminate with in 1-2 min, this is the only means to reduce tissue damage sodium thiosulfate IV within minutes may reduce lethality
54
CSEPP
chemical stockpile emergency preparedness plan

Public Health Exam 2 (2 decks)

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