Module 3 Flashcards
culture
knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs
influences how a person perceives and evaluates the world, and behaves in that world.
influences how you see the world
cultural competence
self awareness and humility are the foundation of competent care
culturally congruent behaviors, practice, attitudes, and policies that allow nurses to use interpersonal communication, relationship skills, and behavioral flexibility to work effectively in cross-cultural situations
Race
5 categories
White
black or African American
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or other pacific islander
ethnicity
2 categories’
Hispanic or Latino (defined as Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, south or central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race
Not Hispanic or Latino
cultural characteristics
learned (often at birth) through language and socialization
shared by members of same cultural group
adapted to specific conditions related to environmental, technical factors and availability of natural resources
influenced by education, income, and other shared socioeconomic factors
dynamic
cultural competence and population trends in US
increase in minorities
white population predicted to be minority in future
important for cultural diversity
cultural competence and healthcare
associated between diversity in the workforce and achieving health equality
greater diversity enhances support for addressing health disparities, supports greater innovations in public health approaches
better evidence and training related to diversity, cultural competency, and health equity facilitates improvements in public health outcomes.
makes more aware of determinants of health is cultures, race, and social groups
cultural competence and health disparities
differences in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of disease and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific populations in US
inequalities that exist when members of certain populations do not benefit from same health as other groups
disparities include:
Racial and ethnic groups
Gender
Sexual Identity
age
socio-economic status
people with disabilities
geographic locations
vulnerable populations
disparities across racial groups
life expectancy of blacks lower than whites
Hispanics twice as likely to die from liver cancer than white
indigenous people twice as likely to have DM than white
blacks with DM are 7 times more likely to have amputations and develop renal failure than whites with DM
Socioeconomic status
economic status of family or unrelated individuals based on income, wealth, occupation, education attainment, power
federal poverty guidelines
compares pretax cash income with the poverty threshold adjusted for family size and composition issued annually by USDHHS
-disproportionate income across ethnic/race groups across poverty lines
health and socioeconomic influences
upper, middle and lower classes
transgenerational poverty
individuals from racially and ethnically diverse subgroups are members of lower socioeconomic groups
education
most important factor is SES
level and quality of education plays important role
Gender disparities
men life expectancy shorter than women
women morbidity higher
women twice as likely to be affected by major depression but men more likely to kill themselves
health disparities and disability
higher levels of anxiety, pain, sleeplessness, depression
experience lower levels of physical activity, higher rates of obesity, less access to health services
rural vs urban metropolitan areas
rural counties have higher mortality rates than urban counties, have higher poverty rates, and lower amounts of healthcare professionals
distinct rural-urban divide
parts of Appalachia are considered distressed
rural vs urban disparities
25% of Americans live
injury related death rates 50% higher in rural locations
appalachia has higher rates of heart disease, cancer, DM, COPD
rural populations are less likely to seek preventive screening, exercise, unsafe lifestyle practices (seat belts)
culturally competent nursing
lifestyle, value systems, and health and illness behaviors of diverse individuals, families, groups, and communities
institutions that influence the health and well being communities
your own cultural perspective
principles of culturally competent nursing
designed for a specific client
based on uniqueness of clients cultural norms and values
self-empowerment strategies to facilitate client decision making in health behavior
sensitivity based on the cultural uniqueness of the client
sterotyping
ascribing certain beliefs and behaviors about a given racial/ethic group to an individual
prejudice
emotional manifestation of deeply held beliefs about a group; usually negative; often precursor to discriminatory acts
racism
form of prejudice; exercise of power by those who feel superior to others
may be at individual or institutional level
ethnocentrism
tendency to view their own way of life as the best; act in superior manner toward another culture
