module 4 Flashcards
Factor 1 that increases WOB Resistance -
anything which obstructs the flow of gas (such as upper airway obstruction, secretions in lower airway, bronchospasm)
Factor 2 that increases WOB Compliance -
anything which decreases the lungs ability to fill or stretch (such as fibrosis, collapsed alveoli, pneumothorax)
Obstructive lung disease -
where there is increased resistance to airflow in either the upper or lower airways (croup, asthma)
Restrictive lung disease -
where there is impaired expansion and loss of lung volume, limitations to the dispensability and disturbances to the chest wall (cystic fibrosis, chronic neonatal lung disease)
Insufficient gas transfer -
where there is insufficient alveolar ventilation (atelectasis, pneumonia, neurological causes)
Salbutamol (ventolin)
acts by causing bronchodilation. It is a beta 2 agonist, relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchioles making it useful in the management of lower airway obstruction.
HFNC provides respiratory support by
providing positive end distending pressure improving lung recruitment
washout of nasopharyngeal dead space leading to improved alveolar ventilation
reduction in the inspiratory resistance associated with the nasopharynx
improved lung compliance by supplying adequately warmed and humidified gas
reduction in metabolic work associated with gas conditioning
Acidosis is defined as a pH
Less than 7.35.
Alkalosis is defined as a pH
greater than 7.45
When the C02 is elevated
(as in respiratory failure) an acidosis occurs and
When the C02 is low
(as in hyperventilation) alkalosis occurs.
Acidosis Respiratory causes
pneumonia, asthma
normal HCO3 high PCO2 low pH
Acidosis Metabolic causes
DKA, Sepsis
low HC03, low pH, normal PC02
Alkalosis Respiratory causes
Anxiety, hyperventilation, fever
high pH, low PC02, normal HC03
Alkalosis Metabolic CAUSES
vomitting, diuretics
high pH, high HC03, normal PC02
