module 1 and 2

Question 1

What is involved with a rapid assessment

Answer 1

 General appearance – observe tone, how they interact, consolability, look or gaze, speech or cry
 Work of breathing – observe for increased work of breathing / difficulty breathing, e.g., nasal flaring,
retractions, abnormal airway sounds, position of comfort, altered respiratory rate
 Circulation to skin – observe for abnormal colour, e.g. pallor, mottling, cyanosis

Question 2

What is involved in a primary survery

Answer 2

A – Airway patency
B – Breathing efficacy
C – Circulation adequacy
D – Disability – neurological evaluation – use AVPU

Question 3

What is involved in a secondary survey

Answer 3

D – Disability/Drugs
E – Environment/ Exposure/ Electrolytes & Blood Values F – Fluids / Family
G – Gastrointestinal/ Genitourinary
H – History/ Head to Toe
I – Individualised

Question 4

AIDET

Answer 4

Acknowledge 
Introduce
Duration
Explanation 
Thank you

Question 5

LEARN

Answer 5

• Listen empathetically and with understanding to gauge the child and family’s perception of the situation.
• Explain your understanding of the situation / plan of care /diagnosis/ medial history
• Acknowledge their understanding and feedback of the situation
• Recommend an appropriate plan of care or course of action
• Negotiate an agreement on the plan of care or course of action around the situation

Question 6

Children increase their cardiac output (CO) by increasing their HR in response to

Answer 6

decrease in circulating volume, cardiorespiratory compromise, fever, stress and anxiety.

Question 7

tachycardia is essential to maintain cardiac output but if HR is too rapid what happens

Answer 7

ventricular filling time may be compromised and cardiac output quickly decreases leading to bradycardia

Question 8

Decreased peripheral pulses are usually a sign of

Answer 8

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 9

Absent peripheral pulses and weak central pulses are signs of

Answer 9

significant shock

Question 10

 Bounding pulses can be an indication of

Answer 10

increased cardiac output as in early septic shock or hypercapnia.

Question 11

SBAR

Answer 11

Situation
background
assessment
recommendation

Question 12

what developmental differences occur at birth to the heart

Answer 12

the infants R) ventricle is dominant but quickly thins after birth and the L) ventricle thickens as it responds to the increase in systemic vascular resistance.

Question 13

why does HR decrease with age

Answer 13

Infants have a small stroke volume and depend upon their heart rate to sustain and alter their cardiac output. Hence throughout childhood as the stroke volume increases, heart rate slows.

Question 14

why may infants be limited in their ability to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

Answer 14

The kidney plays an important role in the maintenance of pH. The kidneys ability to reabsorb bicarbonate and buffer hydrogen remains limited until approximately 2yrs.