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NSER 7410 (ER Theory 3) > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Paediatric anat and phys variables AIRWAY

A

Weaker CSPine

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2
Q

Hypothermia labs

A

increased potassium (means hypoxia before hypothermia)

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3
Q

Things that increase CVP

A

CHF
Renal failure
Fluid resus

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4
Q

Things that Decreased CVP

A

aggressive diuretic therapy
Haemorrhage
Diarrhea

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5
Q

Normal CVP

A

2-6

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6
Q

CVP

A

reflects end diastolic pressure (preload ) in R ventricle

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7
Q

ABP risks

A

Infection
decreased tissue perfusion to distal area
Potential embolism
Blood loss

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8
Q

CVP risks

A

infection
Air embolus
Pneumothorax
Dysrhthmias

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9
Q

Paediatric anat and phys variables Breathing

A

Flexible rib cage, softer and thinner chest wall

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10
Q

Paediatric anat and phys variables Circulation

A

Thin skin

higher metabolism

Strong initial compensatory mechanism

higher blood volume to KG

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11
Q

Paediatric anat and phys variables other trauma risks

A

Small body mass- greater force per body unit (increased internal damage

Large head- higher incidence of head injury (higher centre of gravity

Thinner more pliable cranium
Thin walled round abd with less developed muscles and decreased subQ fat (less organ protection)

organs are less firmly anchored

Soft bones

Large body surface

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12
Q

Hypothermia I (Mild)

A

Conscious, shivering 35-32 ℃

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13
Q

Hypothermia II (Moderate)

A

Impaired consciousness, may or may not be shivering ﹤32-28 ℃

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14
Q

Hypothermia III (Severe)

A

Unconscious, vital signs present ﹤28℃

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15
Q

Hypothermia IV (Severe)

A

Apparent death, vital signs absent

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16
Q

What is the best position to keep a patient with moderate to severe hypothermia in?

A

supine. Keeping the patient supine helps avoid both after-drop and dysrhythmias. It is also recommended to keep the patient stable with as little movement as possible.

17
Q

potential side effects of rewarming patients

A 
hypotension
afterdrop
burns to the skin from active warming
dysrhythmias
electrolyte imbalances
18
Q

Thermoregulatory

A

located in the hypothalamus
Triggers regulations
Vasodilation and sweating for heat loss
Vasoconstriction and shivering

19
Q

Ways we loose heat

A

Conduction-contact with something cold
Convection- cold wind
Radiation- sun heats you
Evaporation- wet clothes

20
Q

methods of rewarming

A

behr hugger
warm fluids
take off wet clothes
CBI

21
Q

3 nursing requirements to make sure the blood pressure monitoring are accurate

A

level the transducer
zero the transducer
square waveform test

22
Q

Comparison of the arterial BP and the non-invasive BP (NIBP)

A

NIBP is acceptably 10-15 mmHg lower than the arterial BP.

23
Q

Hypothermia can cause

A

shivering.
enhanced fibrinolysis.
cardiac arrhythmias.

24
Q

The effects of moderate to severe hypothermia on cardiac rhythm are

A

bradycardia.

25
Q

What pediatric circumstances make intubation complications more likely in comparison to adults

A

The airway is more anterior and difficult to visualize.
The trachea is shorter so the tube can be easily displaced.
The health care provider may be more nervous or more experienced in adult intubations and push the tube further into the right bronchus.

26
Q

Complications associated with mass transfusion include

A

Hemodilution
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypothermia

27
Q

risk of fetal injury in blunt abdominal trauma

A

The thin-walled and prominent uterus later in pregnancy exposes the fetus to potential injury

The risk of fetal injury is highest in the 3rd trimester

The abundant amount of amniotic fluid in the 2nd trimester

28
Q

The CVP monitoring system should be attached to which lumen of a triple lumen central line for accurate monitoring

A

distal

29
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication following a near drowning due to impairment of what substance

A

surfactant

30
Q

The transducer needs to be levelled at the approximate height of the patient’s

A

atria

NSER 7410 (ER Theory 3) (5 decks)

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