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NSER 7410 (ER Theory 3) > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Acceleration and Deceleration Injuries

A

Shearing
Compression
Rebound

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2
Q

Shearing Injuries

A

Shearing forces cause liver heart and other organs to pull away or fold around ligaments or muscle

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3
Q

Compression Injuries

A

ie: head hits dash board

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4
Q

Rebound Injuries

A

Occur due to recoil following deceleration

Includes spinal # and contra coup injuries to the brain

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5
Q

What must you always ask about with any injury/ Trauma

A

Pre incident
Incident
Post incident
Targeted history taking

ie. were you dizzy before you fell

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6
Q

Cauitation

A

When the body is hit by something there is a transfer of energy that knocks the organs out of place

Can be permanent or temporary (depending on the amount of force and elasticity of tissues involved)

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7
Q

Permanent Cauitation

A

tract or hole through tissue that remains after the energy is removed

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8
Q

Exit wounds

A

larger then entry wounds

The structures and debris that the bullet collects as it passes through are forced out the exit wound

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9
Q

Trauma assessment (C)

A

CPR

Hemorrhage

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10
Q

Trauma assessment A

A 
Look
-swelling
-facial trauma
-look in the mouth (broken teeth etc.)
-chest rise and fall
-LOC
Listen
-air movement
-Stridor
Feel
-air movement

clarity of speech
signs of obstruction
AVPU
CSpine

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11
Q

Trauma assessment B

A

Look

  • WOB
  • Symetry (flail segment?)
  • Rise and fall
  • Skin colour
  • Tracheal deviation
  • Depth
  • Quality
  • Rate

Listen
-Lungs to bases

Feel
-SubQ emphysema

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12
Q

Trauma assessment C

A 
Skin: colour, temp, moisture
cap refill
pulses:quality ,rate, rhythm
chest pain?
signs of bleed
FAST
POCUS
pelvic stability
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13
Q

Trauma assessment D

A 
Gluc
Barriers (pain and nausea)
Doctor/specialists
AVPU
Pupils
GCS
cincinnati stroke scale
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14
Q

Trauma assessment E

A

Assess for further injuries

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15
Q

Silver half hour

A

Used for infants/Peds

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16
Q

Silver half hour

A

Used for infants/Peds

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17
Q

Trauma triad of death (list the 3 parts)

A

Coagulopathy
Acidosis
Hypothermia

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18
Q

Trauma

A

Injury to tissues resulting from the transfer of energy

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19
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Skin remains intact
more serious -extent of injury is hard to see
more wide spread injury

20
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

skin surface is broken

21
Q

List the accelerating and decelerating forces

A

Shearing injuries
Compression injuries
Rebound injuries

22
Q

Essential information to gather from scene/paramedics

A 
speed
seatbelt
airbags
LOC
Intrusion
Deaths at scene
EBL (arterial vs Venous)
MOI
23
Q

Trauma interventions A

A 
Intubate early
BVM
suction 
Jaw thrust (or chin lift for C-Spine)
C-spine/SMR
Sx airways- needle cric, sx cric, tracheostomy's
24
Q

Trauma interventions B

A 
Oxygen
Assist with breaths (BVM)/vent
pulse oximeter
Resposition if safe
BiPAP or CPAP
Chest tube
needle thoracostomy
25
Q

Trauma interventions C

A 
Pericardial needle aspiration
cardiac monitor
Pelvic binder
IV fluids RL/Plasmalyte (avoid NS) 1-2L
Blood 1:1:1
TXA
IV/IO
12 lead ECG
26
Q

Trauma interventions D

A

CT scan
Decrease ICP
control pain and nausea

27
Q

Trauma interventions E/F

A 
Family presence
rewarm
cut off wet clothes
behr hugger
blankets etc.
28
Q

Trauma triad of death HYPOTHERMIA

A

Core Temp <35
vasoconstriction causes a lack of perfusion to cells (blood is shunted to core organs)- leads to acidosis
The clotting cascade is temperature-dependent
Oxygen dissociation curve shifts left (LOVE oxygen)

29
Q

Trauma triad of death ACIDOSIS

A

Build up of lactic acid d/t poor perfusion (anaerobic metabolism)

30
Q

Trauma triad of death HYPOTHERMIA INTERVENTIONS

A 
Active rewarming
warm fluids
warm blankets 
warm CBI
warm thoracic lavage
31
Q

Trauma triad of death COAGULOPATHY

A

bleeding out loosing clotting factors

INR >1.5
Inability to clot
Inflamatory response causes us to lose clotting factors which causes DIC

Hypothermia inhibits ability to clot
Acidosis (<7.3) inhibits ability to clot

32
Q

Trauma triad of death ACIDOSIS INTERVENTIONS

A

Improve oxygenation and perfusion
give oxygen
Give fluids (RL or blood)
find cause of acidosis

33
Q

Complications with CSpine collars

A

Impaired venous drainage from head
pain
skin breakdown
Airway compromise (SUCTION)

34
Q

Flail Chest

A

3 or more ribs broken in 2 or more places (segments)

35
Q

Flail Chest Interventions

A

Immediate intubation

Saline bags on injury

36
Q

Tension Pneumo Signs and symptoms

A

Early signs

  • SOB
  • Decreased sats
  • Decreased TV

Late signs

  • Altered LOC
  • Tracheal deviation
  • hypoxic arrest
37
Q

Tension Pneumo Signs and symptoms

A

Early signs

  • SOB
  • Decreased sats
  • Decreased TV

Late signs

  • Altered LOC
  • Tracheal deviation
  • hypoxic arrest
38
Q

Fluid resuscitation in trauma

A

RL or plasmalyte not NS because it can lead to acidosis

Blood products 1:1:1 FFP, Platlets and PRB then 1g calcium gluconate

39
Q

Chest drainage systems should be clamped when?

A

to much blood loss- clamping it can cause a tamponade which will apply pressure and slow bleed

40
Q

Worst type of brain bleed

A

epidural (arterial bleed)

41
Q

Signs of Increased ICP

A

Uneven pupils

Cushings triad

42
Q

Cushings triad

A

Widening pulse pressure
irregular resps
bradycardia

43
Q

Cushings triad

A

Widening pulse pressure
irregular resps
bradycardia

44
Q

Cushings triad

A

Widening pulse pressure
irregular resps
bradycardia

45
Q

Secondary assessment LMNOP

A 
Labs
Monitor
Nasogastric tube
Oxygen
Pain
46
Q

Trauma triad of death COAGULOPATHY INTERVENTIONS

A

Blood products 1:1:1

WARM pt

NSER 7410 (ER Theory 3) (5 decks)

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