Module 36 - Language Flashcards
What is language?
-Spoken
-Written
-Signed words
-Combinations to communicate meanings
What is a phoneme?
The smallest distinctive sound unit.
What is a morpheme?
Smallest unit that carries meaning.
“incoming”
“in”, “come” “ing”
A language’s set of rules that enable people to communicate.
-Syntax
-Semantics
Grammar
What is the babbling stage?
Beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech development when an infant utters various sounds at first unrelated to the regular language in the environment.
What is the one-word stage?
The stage in speech development.
-1-2 years
-The child speaks mostly in single words.
What is the two-word stage?
-Starts at 2 years old
-The child begins to speak in two-word statements
What is telegraphic speech?
Early speech stage in which a child speaks in a telegram.
-Using nouns and words
Step-by-step procedure that offers a solution to a problem.
Algorithm
“Rule of thumb”
Heuristics
Aphasia - the impairment of language
-Usually cased by left hemisphere damage
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Broca’s Area
-Helps control language expression
-Area in the frontal lobe
-In the left hemisphere
-Muscle movements involved in speech.
-Example: A person would struggle to speak words, yet could sing familiar songs and understand speech.
Wernick’s Area
-A brain area involved in language in comprehension and expression
-Usually in the left temporal lobe
Linguistic Determinism
The strong form of Whorf’s hypothesis
-That language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us
Linguistic Influence
-Our words affect our thinking and thoughts
-Our world view is relative to our cultural language
-English has more self-focused emotions like anger
-Japanese has more interpersonal emotions as sympathy
Who was the person that proposed humans are biologically predisposed to learn the grammar rules of language.
-The trait of universal grammar.
Linguist Noam Chomsky
Mental Set
Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way.
-Limits our thinking
-Encouraged functional fixedness.
