Module 3.3

Question 1

Rigor and Validity in studies

Answer 1

Rigor is a strict process of data collection and analysis, as well as a term that reflects the overall quality of that process in qualitative research.

It is in the broader sense of this quality we consider rigor when discussing study design.

Designs in qualitative research are usually more flexible and often described as “emerging” to indicate that the design may be altered as the study progresses. Nonetheless, the design must still have a function that fits the research question and provides the foundation, ensure accuracy of the study.

Question 2

Validity definition

Answer 2

Did the methods used really measure the things the researchers set out to measure?

Question 3

Scales

Answer 3

Used to measure more abstract variables

Question 4

Content Validity

Answer 4

The comprehensiveness and appropriateness of the measure to the concept it is intended to measure

Methods: expert panel review; Face validity

Question 5

Criterion-related validity

Answer 5

The extent to which results of one measure match those of another measure that examines the same concept

Methods:
Concurrent validity
Predictive validity

Question 6

Construct validity

Answer 6

The extent to which a scale or instrument measures what it is supposed to measure

Methods:
Content and criterion-related validity
Hypothesis testing Statistical procedures such as factor analysis

Question 7

Measurement Validity

Answer 7

Instruments are accurate measures of the study variables

Question 8

Internal Validity

Answer 8

Extent to which we can be sure of the accuracy or correctness of the findings in the study

Refers to how accurate the results are within the study itself, or internally

Threats to Internal Validity: Potential probs that can affect the accuracy or correctness of the study findings, such as:
History- factor outside of those studied that affects the outcome
Maturation- when the outcomes studied changes simply because the passing of time
Testing- changes in the dependent variable because of measure
Instrumentation- change in the measures or measurement that affects the outcome of the study
Mortality- loss of subjects from the study in a consistent manner that affects outcome
Selection bias- subjects have a unique characteristic that affects the outcome

Question 9

External Validity

Answer 9

Is the extent to which the results of a study can be applied to other groups or situations

Refers to how accurately the study provides knowledge that can be applied outside of, or external to the study.

Threats to external validity:
Potential probs that affect the accuracy of results for samples and settings other than those of the study itself

REACTIVITY effects refer to the responses of subjects being studied.
Threats to internal validity, such as testing, may cause reactivity.