Module 3.1.1: Causal Factors and Viewpoints Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Correlation

A

when variable (X) is associated with an outcome of interest (Y)

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2
Q

If negative self-worth is correlated with depression, can we infer that negative self-worth causes depression?

A

No, just knowing that two things are correlated DOES NOT tell you if one caused the other

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3
Q

Risk Factor

A

a factor or characteristic associated with an increased risk of developing condition Y

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4
Q

When can we infer that the variable X is a risk factor to disorder Y?

A

If X is shown to precede Y then we can infer that X is a risk factor

Example: Physical abuse during childhood (X) precedes the development of depression (Y); therefore, physical abuse in childhood could be a RISK FACTOR

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5
Q

Questions to ask to conclude about risk factors

A
  1. Does X precede Y?
  2. Can X be changed?
  3. Does changing X change Y?
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6
Q

Variable Risk Factor

A

if X can be changed, it is called a variable risk factor; changeable by intervention

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7
Q

Fixed Marker

A

if X cannot be changed, it is called a fixed marker; unchangeable by intervention

Example: The presence of physical abuse in childhood can no longer be changed; therefore, it is a fixed marker in this case.

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8
Q

Variable Marker

A

if changing X does not lead to a change in Y, it is considered as a variable marker of Y; unchangeable by intervention

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9
Q

Causal Risk Factor

A

if changing X leads to a change in Y, X is called a causal risk factor for Y; changeable by intervention

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