Module 31 - Comfort/Thermoregulation

Question 1

Thermoregulation

Answer 1

The core body temperature of a healthy person is maintained by the thermoregulatory set point of the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

State of having an even internal temperature

Question 3

Body temperature of infants and children

Answer 3

Change more rapidly in response to both hot and cold air temperatures

Question 4

Newborns

Answer 4

Dependent on environment for maintenance of body temperature immediately after birth

Question 5

Older adults

Answer 5

Lose some thermoregulatory control with age

Question 6

Women

Answer 6

Fluctuate more in body temperature than men due to hormones

Question 7

Drugs, alcohol, metabolic conditions (diabetes, etc.)

Answer 7

A few factors that can cause changes in body temperature

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

Primary source of heat

Question 9

Shivering

Answer 9

Initiated by hypothalamus and results in muscle tremors (goose bumps) and reduces size of skin surface to minimize heat loss

Question 10

Hormones and exercise

Answer 10

Sympathetic neurotransmitters are released to alter metabolism (to decrease energy production and increase heat production)

Question 11

Skin

Answer 11

Primary site of heat loss

Question 12

Evaporation

Answer 12

Liquid converted to vapor

Question 13

Radiation

Answer 13

Loss of body heat to cooler, solid surfaces that are in proximity but not in contact with individual

Question 14

Conduction

Answer 14

Transfer of heat from one object to another when in direct contact with each other

Question 15

Convection

Answer 15

The flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air

Question 16

Temperature

Answer 16

Refers to hotness or coldness of a substance

Question 17

Body Temperature

Answer 17

Difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the environment measured in degrees

Question 18

QUESTION:

Is the core body temperature higher or lower than a surface body temperature?

Answer 18

CORRECT ANSWER:

Core body temperature is higher

Question 19

QUESTION:

What sites are used to measure a core body temperature?

Answer 19

CORRECT ANSWER:

Tympanic and rectal sites

Question 20

QUESTION:

What sites are used to measure surface body temperature?

Answer 20

CORRECT ANSWER:

Oral (sublingual), axillary, and skin surfaces

Question 21

QUESTION:

What is the average normal ORAL temperature for a healthy adult?

Answer 21

CORRECT ANSWER:

98.6°F or 37.0°C

Question 22

QUESTION:

What is the average normal RECTAL temperature for a healthy adult?

Answer 22

CORRECT ANSWER:

99.5°F or 37.5°C

Question 23

QUESTION:

What is the average normal AXILLARY temperature for a healthy adult?

Answer 23

CORRECT ANSWER:

97.7°F or 36.5°C

Question 24

QUESTION:

What is the average normal TYMPANIC temperature for a healthy adult?

Answer 24

CORRECT ANSWER:

99.5°F or 37.5°C

Question 25

QUESTION:

What is a newborn’s average temperature?

Answer 25

CORRECT ANSWER:

97.9° to 99.7°F or 36.5° to 37.5°C

Question 26

QUESTION:

Electronic thermometers are used at which temperature sites?

Answer 26

CORRECT ANSWER:

Oral, axillary and rectal

Question 27

QUESTION:

Non-mercury thermometers are used at which temperature sites?

Answer 27

CORRECT ANSWER:

Oral, axillary and rectal

Question 28

QUESTION:

Tempa dot thermometers are used at which temperature sites?

Answer 28

CORRECT ANSWER:

Oral, axillary and rectal

Question 29

QUESTION:

Tympanic thermometers are used at which temperature sites?

Answer 29

CORRECT ANSWER:

Ear canal

Question 30

QUESTION:

What site is typically used to get a newborn’s temperature and what is the average?

Answer 30

CORRECT ANSWER:

Axillary and 97.7° to 99.5°F or 36.5° to 37.5°C

Question 31

QUESTION:

What are some factors that affect body temperature?

Answer 31

CORRECT ANSWER:

Circadian rhythm, age, gender, stress, environmental temperatures, etc.

Question 32

Afebrile

Answer 32

A condition in which the body temperature is not elevated

Question 33

Apnea

Answer 33

Absence of breathing

Question 34

Bradycardia

Answer 34

Slow heart rate

Question 35

Bradypnea

Answer 35

Slow rate of breathing

Question 36

Diastolic pressure

Answer 36

Least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between ventricular contractions

Question 37

Dyspnea

Answer 37

Difficult or labored breathing

Question 38

Eupnea

Answer 38

Normal respirations

Question 39

Febrile

Answer 39

A condition in which the body temperature is elevated

Question 40

Fever

Answer 40

Elevation above the upper limit of normal body temperature

Question 41

Hypertension

Answer 41

Blood pressure elevated above the upper limit of normal

Question 42

Hyperthermia

Answer 42

High body temperature

Question 43

Hypotension

Answer 43

Blood pressure is below the lower limit of normal

Question 44

Hypothermia

Answer 44

Low body temperature

Question 45

Pulse

Answer 45

Wave produced in the wall of an artery with each beat of the heart

Question 46

Respiration

Answer 46

Gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

Question 47

Systolic pressure

Answer 47

Highest point of pressure on arterial walls when the ventricles contract

Question 48

Tachycardia

Answer 48

Rapid heart rate

Question 49

Tachypnea

Answer 49

Rapid rate of breathing

Question 50

Vital signs

Answer 50

Body temperature, pulse, respiratory rates, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation

Question 51

Palpation

Answer 51

Examination of different organs of the body using the sense of touch

Question 52

Expiration/exhalation

Answer 52

Act of breathing out

Question 53

Inspiration/inhalation

Answer 53

Act of breathing in