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NSG 110 - Test #1 > Module 3 - Infection/Inflammation > Flashcards

Module 3 - Infection/Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Infection Cycle

A 
Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
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2
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of organism

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3
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Clean technique

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4
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Sterile technique

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5
Q

HAI Guidelines

A
  • If illness occurs 48 hours after patient is admitted
  • If illness occurs 3 days after patient is discharged
  • If illness occurs 30 days after surgery
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6
Q

Tier 1 Standard Precautions

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • Clean, non-sterile gloves
  • Appropriate PPE
  • Never re-cap a USED needle
  • Handle patient-care equipment carefully
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7
Q

Tier 2 Transmission-Based Precautions

A

Contact, droplet and airborne precautions

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8
Q

CONTACT Isolation/Precautions

A
  • Pts. infected/colonized by MDRO
  • Private room/cohort
  • Appropriate PPE
  • Wear gown if contact is likely
  • Limit mobility of pt. from room
  • Don’t share pt. equipment
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9
Q

DROPLET Isolation/Precautions

A
  • Pts. infected by spread of LARGE droplet
  • Private room (no cohort)
  • Door may remain open
  • Appropriate PPE (pt. wears a mask)
  • Move pt. out only when necessary
  • Keep visitor 3 feet from pt.
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10
Q

AIRBORNE Isolation/Precautions

A
  • Pts. infected by spread of SMALL particle through air
  • Private/negative pressure room
  • KEEP DOOR CLOSED
  • Wear N-95 mask/respirator
  • Move pt. out only when necessary
  • Consult CDC guidelines
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11
Q

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that is not susceptible to extended-penicillin antibiotic formulas (methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin)
  • 2 out of 100 people carry MRSA
  • Wash hands, clean/disinfect, culture organisms, control program, private room/cohort, best practice/”bundles”
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12
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • Infection of the skin
  • Possible with an open wound
  • 2 causative agents: staphylococcus bacteria and streptococcus bacteria
  • Transmitted by insects, surgical incision, open wound
  • Treatment: antibiotic, surgical debridement
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13
Q

(Pulmonary) Tuberculosis

A
  • Lungs
  • Associated with poverty, malnourishment, overcrowding, poor housing conditions, and poor medical treatment
  • Transmitted by singing, talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc.
  • Treatment: medication (avoid non-susceptible antibiotics), Tier 2 Precautions
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14
Q

Nutritional needs for patients with infections

A

Vitamins/minerals, proteins, fluids/electrolytes (water)

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15
Q

Colonization

A

Microorganisms present in or on a host without host interference or interaction and without eliciting symptoms in the host

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16
Q

Incubation period

A

Time between contact and onset of signs and symptoms

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17
Q

Latency

A

Time interval after primary infection when a microorganism lives within the host without producing clinical evidence

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18
Q

Reservoir

A

Any person, plant, animal, substance, or location that provides living conditions for microorganisms and that enables further dispersal of the organism

19
Q

Susceptible

A

Not possessing immunity to a particular pathogen

20
Q

Vancomycin-resistant Entercoccus (VRE)

A

Enterococcus bacterium that is resistant to the antibiotic, vancomycin

21
Q

Culture

A

Sample of bacteria to be grown in a laboratory to determine the species of bacteria that is causing an infection

22
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs

23
Q

Sensitivity testing

A

Evaluation of pathogens obtained in a culture to determine the anti-infectives to which the organisms are sensitive and which agent would be appropriate for treatment of a particular infection

24
Q

CDC

A

Center for Disease Control

25
Q

HHS

A

Department of Health and Human Services

26
Q

TAP Strategy

A

Targeted Assessment for Prevention Strategy

27
Q

CMS

A

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

28
Q

QIN - QIOS

A

Quality Innovation Network - Quality Improvement Organizations

29
Q

NHSN

A

National Healthcare Safety Network

30
Q

SIR

A

Standardized Infection Ratio

31
Q

CLABSI

A

Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection

32
Q

CAUTI

A

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

33
Q

SIPC

A

Safe Injection Practices Coalition

34
Q

HICPAC

A

Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee

35
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

36
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

37
Q

PPE

A

Personal Protective Equipment

38
Q

SUDs

A

Single-Use Devices

39
Q

HCP

A

Healthcare Personnel

40
Q

CDIFF

A

Clostridium difficile (urgent)

41
Q

CRE

A

Carbapenem-resistant Enterbacteriaceae (urgent)

42
Q

Stages of Illness

A
  1. Incubation period (been exposed)
  2. Prodromal (most infectious; first onset of symptoms)
  3. Full-stage illness (specific symptoms)
  4. Convalescence (recovery)
43
Q

MDRO

A

Multidrug-resistant organism

NSG 110 - Test #1 (8 decks)

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