Module 3 Tissue Flashcards
Group of cells with same parts, function & extracellular substances
Tissue
Microscopic study of tissue structure
Histology
4 basic tissue types
Epithelial, Connective, muscle and nervous
Covering of external and internal surfaces
VERY LITTLE extracellular material space between them
Epithelial tissue (Epithelium/Epithelia)
Partly secreted by epithelial cells
Filter and acts as a barrier to cell movement
Basement membrane
Bind adjacent cells together to form permeability barriers, PREVENT passage of materials
Tight junctions
Small channels that ALLOWS small molecule and ions to pass through
Gap junctions
Mechanical links that bind cells together “belt”
Desmosomes
modified desmosomes thst ANCHOR the cells to the basement membrane
HEMIdesmosomes
Functions of epithelial tissues
- Protection
- Barrier
- Passage
- Secretion
- Absorption
The w classification of epithelia
According to the NUMBER of cell layers
According to the SHAPE of the cells
Single layer of thin, flat cells
Prevents abrasion w organs
Simple squamous epithelium
Cube like shape
Carry out active transport
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer of tall and thin cells
Absorb digested foods
Simple columnar epithelium
Special type of simple epithelium that appears stratified but it’s not
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Multi layered CUBOIDAL OR COLUMNAR cells capable of dividing and producing new cells
Stratified squamous epithelium
Multi layered surface columnar cells and irregular or cuboidal deeper layer cells
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Special type of stratified epithelium that is highly stretchable
As it stretch cells change
Transitional epithelium
Characterized by LARGE amounts of extracellular material that separates cell from one another
Connective tissue
Collagen fibers that is flexible but resist stretching
Protein fibers
Very fine short fibers that branch to form supporting network
Reticular fibers
Recoils to original shape after being stretched
Elastic fibers
Shapeless background against w/c cells and collagen fibers
Ground substance
Pine tree like proteins that form branches that traps water
Proteoglycans
Release histamine causing inflammation
MAST cells
Produce matrix
Blast (germ)
Maintain matrix
Cyte (cell)
Break down the matrix
Clast (break)
Extracellular matrix is mostly collagen
Contains numerous fibroblast
Areolar
Large fat storage cells w small amount of extracellular matrix
Adipose
Lymphatic tissue framework
Reticular (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and liver)
Large number of protein fibers
Dense connective tissue
Collagen fibers are oriented in the same direction
Dense regular
Collagen fibers are oriented in many different directions
Dense irregular
Abundant elastic fibers among collagen fibers which allow tissue to recoil and stretch
Dense elastic connective tissue
Composed of chondrocytes
Gives flexibility and strength
Provide resiliency or the the ability to spring back to original shape
Cartilage
3 types of cartilage
- Hyaline
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic
Clear, glassy
Most ABUNDANT
covers bone ends to FORM JOINTS
hyaline
Able to resist pulling or tearing forces
Fibrocartilage
Hard CT that consist of living cells and a mineralized matrix
Bone
Bone cells
Osteocytes
Ability to contract and make movement possible
Muscle tissue
“Meat of animals”
40% of body weight
Attached to skeleton
VOLUNTARY movement
Cellls are STRIATED
Skeletal muscle
Heart muscle for pumping blood
Involuntary control
Connected through intercalated disks
Cardiac muscle
Forms walls of hollow organs, skin and eyes
Involuntary
Tapered at each end
Smooth muscle
Forms brain, spinal cord and nerves
For coordinating and controlling many body activities
Nervous tissue
Nerve cell that is responsible for conducting action potentials
Neurons
Various kind of epithelium resting on a thick layer of CT
Line cavity that opens outside the body
Mucous membranes
Simple squamous resting on a loose CT
Secrete serous
Serous membranes
Line inside the cavities and produce synovial fluid
Synovial membranes
