Module 3 - Substance Related Disorders Flashcards
refers to chemical compounds that are ingested to alter mood or behavior.
SUBSTANCE
alter mood, behavior, or both, it includes cocaine and heroin, as well as commonplace legal drugs such as alcohol, nicotine found in tobacco, and the caffeine in coffee, soft drinks, and chocolate.
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
The ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning.
SUBSTANCE USE
Physiological reaction to ingested substances (drunkenness or getting high)
For a person to become intoxicated, many variables interact, including the type of drug taken, the among ingested, and the person’s individual
biological reaction.
is experienced as impaired judgment, mood changes, and lowered motor ability (for example, problems walking or talking).
INTOXICATION (SUBSTANCE INTOXICATION)
DSM-V defines this in terms of how significantly the use interferes with the user’s life.
Identification is determined at which a pattern of substance use significantly impairs the person’s occupational, social, or daily functioning or causes significant personal distress.
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
Diagnosis of a substance use disorder requires __ or more specific features
or symptoms occurring during the preceding one-year period.
Two (Particular features vary with the type of the drug.)
What are the different psychoactive substances?
alcohol
opioids (opiates such as heroin and morphine),
sedatives, sleep- inducing or hypnotic drugs
stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, and tobacco.)
Could be reflected as problems meeting one’s role responsibilities as a student, worker, or parent. Engaging in behavior that is physically dangerous. Repeated social or interpersonal problems
Impaired functioning
Determining feature of substance use disorder
whether a pattern of drug- using behavior continues although it causes significant problems in daily functioning or personal distress
Refer to a pattern of drug-use behavior in which a person’s body has changed as a result of regular use of the drug, such that the person now requires larger amounts of the drug to achieve the same effects (tolerance) or has troubling withdrawal symptoms upon cutting back
or stopping use of the drug (a withdrawal syndrome).
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
Chemical dependence/ physiological dependence
Compulsive use of a drug accompanied by signs of physical dependence. This involves loss of control over use of a drug despite knowledge of the harmful consequences it causes.
Difficulty controlling how much/often they use these drugs.
May have many unsuccessful attempts to cut down or cut out their use of drug or have a persistent desire to do so.
ADDICTION
Use a drug compulsively to meet their psychological needs, such as relying on a drug to combat daily stress or anxiety.
May or may not be chemically or physiologically dependent or addicted to the drug.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
Three different pathways to addiction
- Experimentation
- Routine Use
- Addiction or dependence
Occasional use of drugs, drug temporarily makes the users feel good, even euphoric. Users feel in control and believe they can stop at any time
EXPERIMENTATION
People begin to structure their lives around the pursuit and use the drugs.
When in denial, users mask the negative consequences of their behavior to themselves and others.
The users also devote more resources to drugs.
Lying and manipulation become a way of life to cover up the drug use, and family relationships become strained as the mask of denial shatters and the consequences of drug use becomes apparent.
ROUTINE USE
Routine use becomes ________ or ______ when users feel powerless to resist drugs, either because they want to experience their effects or to avoid the consequences of withdrawal.
ADDICTION OR DEPENDENCE
➢ These substances result in behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation.
➢ They include alcohol (ethyl alcohol) and the sedative and hypnotic drugs in the families of barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
➢ Primarily decrease Central Nervous System activity that results in
reduced levels of physiological arousal and help people relax.
DEPRESSANTS
➢ Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
➢ Has biochemical effects similar to benzodiazepines, class of anxiolytics or minor
tranquilizers.
➢ Drug of choice among young people today and the leading drug of abuse
ALCOHOL & ALCOHOL-RELATED DISORDERS
Disease model. This is a medical illness or disease wherein a person takes a drink and stimulates the biochemical effects of the drug on the brain creating an irresistible physical craving for more.
Associated with lower productivity, unemployment, and downward movement in socio-economic status. Also plays a role in many violent crimes.
ALCOHOLISM
What are the risk factors of Alcoholism?
▪ Gender: Men are more than twice as likely as women to develop alcoholism
▪ Age: alcohol dependence is common in ages 20-40 years
▪ Antisocial Personality Disorder
▪ Family history
▪ Sociodemographic Factors: Lower income and educational levels
• Inhibitory neurotransmitter
• Produces feelings of relaxation.
• Cloud the senses and affect balance and coordination.
• Behavior that is not usually done when sober as an effect of alcohol
and expectations about the drug.
• Impair brain’s ability to curb impulsive behavior, risk-taking or violent
behavior by interfering with information processing functions.
• Impairs judgment making it difficult for people to weigh the
consequences of their behavior.
• Induces short-term feelings of euphoria and elation to drown self-
doubts and self-criticism.
• Dampen sexual arousal or excitement and impair sexual
performance.
• Hampers coordination and motor ability
When alcohol heightens the activity of GABA
Inflammation of the liver secondary to heavy alcohol use
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Vitamin B deficiency characterized by glaring confusion, disorientation, and memory loss for recent events.
KORSAKOFF’S SYNDROME:
a syndrome characterized by facial features such as flattened nose, widely spaced eyes, and underdeveloped upper jaw as well as intellectual disability and social deficits.
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
A problematic pattern of alcohol use leasing to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following occurring within a 12-month period
DSM-V’s DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER
Current Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder according to DSM-V
Mild: 2-3 symptoms
Moderate: 4-5 symptoms
Severe: 6 or more symptoms
This disorder is when one spends an excessive amount of time seeking or using alcohol or recovering from overuse. They have persistent problems cutting back or controlling alcohol use despite wanting to do so.
There is excessive amounts of alcohol beyond what the person intends to use. There is also difficulty fulfilling expectable roles as a student, employee, or family member. Continuing its use despite the social, interpersonal, psychological, or medical problems it causes.
Developing tolerance or withdrawal syndrome associated with use. Continuing usage in situations that pose a risk to safety (ie repeatedly drinking and driving)
Having strong, persistent urges or cravings for alcohol. Withdrawing from usual activities because of alcohol use.
ALCOHOL USE DISORDER
▪ Sweating or rapid pulse ▪ Tremors of the hand ▪ Fleeting hallucinations or illusions ▪ Insomnia ▪ Nausea or vomiting ▪ Agitated behavior ▪ Anxiety ▪ Possible seizures
ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
- Limited to chronic and heavy alcohol drinkers who dramatically lowered their intake of alcohol after many years of heavy drinking.
- Involve intense autonomic hyperactivity (profuse sweating, tachycardia)
- Terrifying hallucinations may also be present.
DELIRIUM TREMENS (WITHDRAWAL DELIRIUM)
State of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech,
disorientation, and extreme restlessness.
DELIRIUM
