MODULE 3 SET C Flashcards
refers to the electrical phenomena of life processes
BIOELECTRICITY
study of electrical aspects of living things
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
branch of biophysics that studies the nerves
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
concerned with the study of the excitable tissues
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
specialized cells that are able to convert energy from outside stimulus into an electrical response
SENSORY CELLS
Sound vibrations in the air create ——– that pushes against hair cells moving them.
Pressure
specialized sensory cells that create a nerve impulse in response to an electric field
ELECTRORECEPTIVE CELLS
These cells are used for navigation
ELECTRORECEPTIVE CELLS
These cells are similar to muscle cells.
ELECTROGENIC CELLS
Build up strong electric charges on the surface, and used for hunting and self-defense.
ELECTROGENIC CELLS
Only mammal that has a sense of electroreception
platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
use a specialized sensory guidance system for environmental navigation, communication, and sex recognition via echolocation
WEAKLY ELECTRIC FISH
example: GYMNARCHUS
The fish has stacks of modified tissue called ————– located in a regular array along their bodies and through these maintain a consideravble electrical potential difference between the head and tail,
ELECTRIC ORGANS
TRUE OR FALSE
Eels have the unique ability to discharge both weak and strong electric current.
TRUE
Weak current: navigation: Strong current: ————————–
weapon and self-defense
force field that exists whenever an electric force acts on a charge
ELECTRIC FIELD
a region of space at every point of which an appropriate test object would experience a force
FORCE FIELD
referred to as voltage
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
It is equal to the work per unit charge required to move a positive test charge from one point to another
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
amount of net charge passing through a section of the conductor per unit time. It is the time rate flow of net charge
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Explores the electrophysiology and mechanics of the senses: seeing, hearing, touch, balance, smell and taste
SENSORY BIOPHYSICS
how proteins in the eye respond to different energies of light, how electrical signals from the retina are transmitted to th ebrain, and how muscles move the eye, focus the eye and adjust the amount of light entering the eye
SENSORY BIOPHYSICS IN VISION
It refers to size and the unit of distance
wavelength
It refers to the energy or the number of vibrations
FREQUENCY
branch of science and technology that is devoted to production, transmission, control, processing, transformation, reception, and interaction with material media of sound, ultrasound and infrasound
ACOUSTICS
A longitudinal wave that consists of sequence of pressure pulses or an elastic displacement of the material, whether gas, liquid, or solid, is called an
ACOUSTIC WAVE
the individual particles vibrate back and forth along the direction in which the wave travels
Longitudinal or compressional wave
The compressed portion of the wave or where the particles vibrate in the direction of wave propagation
COMPRESSION OR CONDENSATION
Wave with frequencies over 20000Hz, which is about the upper limit of human hearing; High energy and rectilinearity of propagation
ULTRASONIC WAVES
longitudinal waves with frequencies below the audible range (less than 20Hz); has strong vibrations, and characterized by an ability to cover long distances and circumnavigating obstacles with little dissipation; generated by nature, e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes, wind, thunder, etc.
INFRASONIC WAVES
longitudinal waves that lie within the range of sensitivity of the human ear, approximately 20 to 20 kHz.
SOUND WAVES
Three Aspects of Sound
Vibrating Source
Elastic Medium
Receiver (ear)
Characteristics of Sound
Pitch
Quality or Timbre
Loudness
vibrating object which sends the disturbance through the surrounding medium
Vibrating Source
Elastic Medium
which transmits the disturbance from the source to the receiver in the form of compressional/longitudinal waves.
where the sensation of sound is produced
Receiver or ear
the rate at which vibrations are produced
Pitch
depends upon the
frequency of a sound source
Pitch
sound of irregular vibration or that has no definite range of frequencies
Noise
determined by the number and relative intensities of the superposition of harmonic waves
Quality or Timbre
It is also depending on the presence of overtone
Quality or Timbre
TRUE OR FALSE
A high-pitch sound has a high vibration frequency, while a low-pitch sound has a low vibration frequency
TRUE
amount of auditory impression or sensation that we get from a sound
LOUDNESS
describes the amplitude of vibrations the sound induces in the eardrums and the magnitude of the pressure variation caused by sound waves
LOUDNESS
For a given frequency the loudness of a sound is closely related to the
INTENSITY OF SOUND
FORMULA OF Temperature Dependence of the Speed of Sound in Air
𝒗𝑻 = 𝟑𝟑𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟔 T
perceived by the ear as loudness
INTENSITY OF SOUND
referred to as the threshold of hearing
INTENSITY_0 = 1 x 10^( -12) W/m^(2)
Threshold of pain
1.0 W/m^(2)
defined as the power transported across unit area perpendicular to the direction of energy flow
intensity
used for comparing intensity of one sound and the intensity of a reference sound
Intesity level (beta)
