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BIOPHYSICS MIDTERMS > MODULE 3 SET B > Flashcards

MODULE 3 SET B Flashcards

1
Q

study of fluids in motion

A

FLUID MECHANICS

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2
Q

a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids

A

FLUID DYNAMICS

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3
Q

SUBDISCIPLINES OF FLUID DYNAMICS

A

AERODYNAMICS
HYDRODYNAMICS

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4
Q

path of every particle that passes a particular point moves along exactly the same smooth path followed by previous paticles passing point

A

STREAMLINE OR LAMINAR

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The streamline at any point coincides with the direction of the velocity of the fluid at that point

A

TRUE

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6
Q

it tends to slow the flow of fluid

A

FRICTION

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7
Q

The fluid closest to the vessel walls moves the —————–

A

slowest

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8
Q

The fluid in the center of the vessel moves the ——–

A

fastest

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9
Q

a type of flow where the velocity of the fluid changes layer by layer, or according to the distance from the vessel walls, is called ———–

A

LAMINAR FLOW

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10
Q

A fluid flow in which the velocity at a given point varies erratically in magnitude and direction

A

TURBULENT FLOW

thanks, Via

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11
Q

Irregular motions of the fluid, called ———-, are characteritic in turbulent flow.

A

EDDY CURRENTS

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12
Q

Regions of fluid move in irregular, colliding paths, resulting in mixing and swirling.

A

TURBULENT FLOW

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13
Q

The volume of fluid passing by a given location through an area during a period of time is called

A

Q, volume flow rate

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14
Q

FORMULA FOR VOLUME FLOW RATE

A

Q = Av

A = cross-sectiobal area
v= velocity

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15
Q

The product of the cross-sectional area of the tube and the fluid speed at that cross-section is a constant.

A

EQUATION OF CONTINUITY

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16
Q

A constricted area = ——- speed

A

high speed

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17
Q

larger diameter = ——– speed

A

low speed

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The volume of the fluid that enters one end of the tube in a given time interval equals the volume of the fluid leaving the tube in the same interval.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

EQUATION CONTINUITY FORMULA

A

A1V1=A2V2;
Q1=Q2

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20
Q

SAMPLE PROBLEM

The blood flow speed is 40cm/s in an aorta with a cross-sectional area of 2.0 cm2. Assume that the aorta branches to form a large number of capillaries with a combined cross-sectional area of 3.0 x 10^3 cm2. What is the flow speed in the capillaries?

A

Vc = 0.027 cm/s

GIVEN: A_a = 2cm^2
v_a= 40cm/s
A_c = 3.0 x 10^3 cm2

21
Q

He is a Swiss physicist who derived an expression that relates the pressure of a fluid to its speed and elevation in 1738.

A

DANIEL BERNOULLI

22
Q

For an incompressible, frictionless fluid, the combination of pressure and the sum of kinetic and potential energy densities is constant not only over time, but also along a streamline.

A

BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE

23
Q

Mathematically, the Bernoulli’s equation is expressed as

A

p + pgh + (1/2)pv^2

P = PE due to pressure
pgh = PE due to gravity
(1/2) pv^2 = KE

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In BERNOULLI’S Principle, fluid flows at a constant depth or height, h1=h2.

A

TRUE

APPLIES TO SMALL VOLUME OF FLUIDS

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

AS THE VELOCITY OF A FLUID INCREASES, ITS KINETIC ENERGY ALSO INCREASES.

A

TRUE

26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Pressure drops as speed increases in a moving fluid.

A

TRUE

27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A high diameter indicates a high pressure.

A

TRUE

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A high pressure indicates a high speed.

A

FALSE

Pressure is inversely proportinal to velocity

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A smaller diameter pertains to a smaller pressure, but a high velocity.

A

TRUE

30
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM:

The volumetric flow rate of blood in a person at rest is about 5.0 L per minute. If the aorta (the central artery carrying the blood from the heart) has a diameter of 2.0 cm, what is the kinetic energy of blood flowing through the aorta? pblood = 1060 kg/m^3.

A

37.30 J/m^3

31
Q

refers to the internal friction of a fluid

A

VISCOSITY

32
Q

The fluid flows through the tube because of ———–.

A

PRESSURE DIFFERENCE

33
Q

The rate of flow (volume per unit time) depends on the ——————–.

A

PRESSURE DIFFERENCE

34
Q

The greater the pressure differejntial between two points, the ————– the flow rate.

A

the greater the flow rate

35
Q

A French scientist who derived the law of resistance in an attempt to understand the flow of blood through the body

A

J. L. POISEUILLE

36
Q

It states that the rate of flow should increase if the pressure difference across the tube or the tube radius increases.

A

POISEUILLE’S LAW FOR RESISTANCE

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The flow rate decrease as the viscosity of the fluid or the length of the tube increases.

A

TRUE

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Q = (P2 - P1)/L

A

TRUE

Q directly proportional to pressure diffrnce;inversely proportional to L

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The viscosity of blood increases as the number of red blood cells increases.

A

TRUE

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In a case where flow rate is constant, viscous friction reduces the pressure.

A

TRUE

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Pressure drop is inversely proportional to the radius to the fourth power.

A

TRUE

A small change in radius = big change to pressure drop

42
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

The volumetric flow rate of blood in a person at rest is about 5L per minute. The beginning of the aorta (the path closest to the heart) has a diameter of 3cm, but the end of the aorta in the lower abdomen has a diameter of only 1.75 cm.

a. what is the flow rate of blood at the beginning of the aorta in m/s?
b. what is the flow rate of blood at the end of the aorta in the lower abdomen in m/s?
c. how much faster is the blood travelling at the end of the aorta than it is at the beginning?

A

a. 0.118 m/s
b. 0.346 m/s
c. 0.228 m/s

43
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

Water flows through a tube with a diameter of 2m at a rate of 800 kg/s. What is the velocity of water?

A

0.25m/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

44
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

Suppose that water flows from a pipe with a diameter of 1m into another pipe of diameter 0.5m. If the speed of water in the first pipe is 5m/s, what is the speed in the second pipe?

A

20 m/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

45
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

A diameter garden hose with a diameter of 3cm sprays water travels through a hose at 1m/s. At the end of the garden hose, the diameter reduces to 2cm. What is the speed of the water coming out at the end?

A

2.25 m/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

46
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

An incompressible fluid flows through a pipe. At location 1 along the pipe, the volume flow rate is 10m^3/s. At location 2 along the pipe, the area halves. What is the volume flow rate at location 2?

A

10m^3/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

47
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the volumetric flow rate of ethanol flowing through a square pipe with sidelength 4m? The velocity of the ethanol is 7m/s.

A

112 m^3/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

48
Q

PRACTICE PROBLEM

A pipe narrows from a 30m diameter to a 15m diameter. What is the velocity of the fluid when it exits the pipe (at the 15m end) if it entered the pipe at 15m/s?

A

60 m/s

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_2-help/flow-rate

BIOPHYSICS MIDTERMS (3 decks)

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