MODULE 3 ROOF MATERIALS Flashcards
3
is the top covering of a building, designed to shield it from rain, snow, sunlight, wind, and temperature extremes.
roof
It is a joint-framed structure that can support inclined, vertical, or horizontal loads. made up of components like angles, channels, plates, and eye bars, and it typically includes rafters, posts, and struts to support structures like roofs, bridges, or other frameworks.
truss
The triangular end of a pitched roof, or the triangular upper part of the gable wall.
Gable
The edge of a hipped roof that runs from the ridge to the eaves. It is formed when two sloping surfaces intersect.
Hip
This is the lower edge of the roof surface that overhangs the walls.
Eaves
This is the underside of the eaves that is fixed to the back of the fascia and the wall. It forms an enclosed element all around the building.
Soffit
This is the uppermost line of the roof and is formed at the intersection of two sloping surfaces.
Ridge
This is the line formed at the internal intersection of two sloping surfaces. It runs from the ridge to the eaves.
Valley
The timber component that sits upon the top of the walls of a building and to which the foot of the roof rafters are fixed
Wall plates
This is the underside surface of the eaves and the soffit of a gable roof which overhangs the gable wall.
Verge
A vertical timber or plastic trim that is fixed to the feet of the rafters and, along with the soffit, encloses the eaves
Fascia board
A timber or plastic trim that is horizontally fixed to the underside of the rafters and which, along with the fascia encloses the eaves
Soffit board
A vertical timber or plastic trim that is fixed to the face of the last common rafter at the end of a gable roof
Barge board
A rafter that runs from the ridge to the wall plate
Common rafter
These are short rafters that run from the hip rafter to the wall plate. These short rafters form the lower portion of a valley or hip.
Jack or cripple rafters
This is the main rafter of hip roof. It is to this rafter that all jack or cripple rafters are fixed to form the hip.
Hip rafter
This framework comprises two common rafters and noggins. The noggins and the rafters form a ladder frame built into the top of the gable wall and extend beyond the gable wall to form the gable eaves to which the barge board is fixed.
Gable ladder
This is a strong, large sectioned timber member which, is fixed to the common rafters midway between the ridge and the wall plate and runs parallel to the wall and the ridge. On gable roofs, the ends of the purlin are built into the gable walls. This component gives added strength to the roof structure and allows heavier roof coverings to be used.
Purlin
These are metal hangers by which ceiling joists are fixed to the wall plate, or they may be built into the supporting walls.
Joist hangers
These are timber components which span from wall to wall and to which the ceiling covering is fixed.
Ceiling joists
These are horizontal timber components which span from wall to wall and which are fixed to the feet of common and jack rafters
Roof binder
These are angled components which are fixed to the common rafters and roof ties. The strut is usually fixed at right angles to the common rafter to offer greater strength.
Roof struts
Hangers are vertical timber components similar in size and cross-section to a common rafter and are fixed to the top of the common rafter close to the ridge and the ceiling joist or roof binders.
Roof hangers
The most affordable and widely used truss design in residential and pole building industry.
Regular (Common) Truss
Due to sloped bottom chord, this truss provides more headroom on first level. Provides cathedral ceiling.
Scissor Truss
Provides extra first level headroom and flat ceiling in mid-section.
Cambered Truss
Top chords are built with two different roof slopes, with a front slope usually steeper than back slope.
Dual Pitch Truss
May be used to build overhangs, single sloped roofs or longer-span Common truss with center support.
Monopitch Truss
Used mainly for its style to resemble a “barn look”. May also be built with storage attic.
Gambrel Truss
Also know as Vault truss is used to provide a Vaulted ceiling.
Cathedral Truss
Used to provide an extra headroom or a Vaulted ceiling in certain application.
Studio Truss (Studio Vault)
Has a dual pitch top chord where the slope significantly increases from the heel to the peak.
Polynesian Truss
Requires two bearing supports and is often used to build a Double Inverted Truss with Vaulted ceiling.
Inverted Truss
Requires two bearing supports and is often used to build a Double Inverted Truss with Vaulted ceiling.
Inverted Truss
Has two parallel chords and is used to build a floor or a roof.
*Bowstring Truss - Is used where curved roof surface is required and is built with short top chord segments.
Flat Truss
Is used to provide storage space up in the attic. Bottom chord of the room floor is built with heavier timber and is designed as a floor joist to carry required live loads.
Attic Truss
