Module 3 - Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask And Anwser Questions

Question 1

Survey

Answer 1

Technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative, random sample of people

Question 2

False consensus effect

Answer 2

Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

All members of group being studied

Question 4

Random sample

Answer 4

Is one that is representative because every member of the population has an equal chance of being included

Question 5

Naturalistic observation

Answer 5

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 6

Correlation

Answer 6

Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, how well either factor predicts the other.

Question 7

Scatter plot

Answer 7

Depiction of the relationships between two variables by means of a graphed cluster of dots

Question 8

Illusory correlations

Answer 8

Is the perception of a relationship where none exists

Question 9

Experiment

Answer 9

Research method in which a researcher directly manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) in order to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable); experiments therefore make it possible to establish cause-effect relationships

Question 10

Double-blind procedure

Answer 10

Is an experimental procedure i. Which neither the experiment or the research participants are aware of which condition is in effect.

Question 11

Placebo effect

Answer 11

Occurs when the results of an experiment are caused by a participants expectations about what is really going on

Question 12

Experimental condition

Answer 12

Of an experiment is one in which participants are exposed to the independent variable

Question 13

Control condition

Answer 13

Of an experiment is one in which the independent variable is withheld so that comparison to the experimental condition can be made

Question 14

Random assignment

Answer 14

Procedure of assigning participants to the experimental and control condition by chance in order to minimize pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups

Question 15

Independent variable

Answer 15

Factor being manipulated and tested

Question 16

Dependent variable

Answer 16

Factor being measured

Question 17

Mode

Answer 17

Most frequent occurring; simplest measure of central tendency to determine

Question 18

Mean

Answer 18

Arithmetic average, measure of central tendency by adding the scores and dividing by the number of scores

Question 19

Median

Answer 19

Score that falls at the 50th percentile, cutting a distribution in half

Question 20

Range

Answer 20

Measure of variation computes as the difference between the highest and lowest scores

Question 21

Standard deviation

Answer 21

Is a computed measure of how much score in a distribution deviate around the mean. Because it is based on every score in the distribution, it is a more precise measure of variation than the range

Question 22

Statistical significance

Answer 22

Means that an obtained result, such as the difference between the averages for two samples, very likely reflects a real difference rather than sampling variation or chance factors. Tests of statistical significance help researchers decide when they can justifiably generalize from an observed instance

Question 23

Case study

Answer 23

Observation technique, one person studied in great depth, intention of revealing universal principles